to

prep.

1. 向，朝，往，对着（某方向或某处）
   in the direction of sth; towards sth
   1. I walked to the office.
      我朝办公室走去。
   2. It fell to the ground.
      它掉到了地上。
   3. It was on the way to the station.
      那是在去火车站的路上。
   4. He's going to Paris.
      他就要去巴黎了。
   5. my first visit to Africa
      我对非洲的第一次访问
   6. He pointed to something on the opposite bank.
      他指向对岸的某样东西。
   7. Her childhood was spent travelling from place to place.
      她的童年是在不断迁移中度过的。
2. 位于…方向
   located in the direction mentioned from sth
   1. Place the cursor to the left of the first word.
      把光标置于第一个单词的左边。
   2. There are mountains to the north.
      北面有山。
3. 到，达（某处）
   as far as sth
   1. The meadows lead down to the river.
      牧场一直延伸到河边。
   2. Her hair fell to her waist.
      她的长发一直垂到腰部。
4. 到，达（某种状态）
   reaching a particular state
   1. The vegetables were cooked to perfection.
      这些蔬菜烧的火候恰到好处。
   2. He tore the letter to pieces.
      他把信撕碎了。
   3. She sang the baby to sleep.
      她唱着歌把孩子哄睡了。
   4. The letter reduced her to tears (= made her cry) .
      那封信让她落泪了。
   5. His expression changed from amazement to joy.
      他的表情由惊变喜。
5. （表示范围或一段时间的结尾或界限）到，至
   used to show the end or limit of a range or period of time
   1. a drop in profits from $105 million to around $75 million
      利润从1.05亿元降到7 500万元左右
   2. I'd say he was 25 to 30 years old (= approximately 25 or 30 years old) .
      我猜他在25至30岁之间。
   3. I like all kinds of music from opera to reggae.
      我喜欢各种音乐，从歌剧到雷盖都喜欢。
   4. We only work from Monday to Friday.
      我们仅从星期一工作到星期五。
   5. I watched the programme from beginning to end.
      这个节目我从头看到了尾。
6. 在…开始之前；离；差
   before the start of sth
   1. How long is it to lunch?
      离吃午饭还有多久？
   2. It's five to ten (= five minutes before ten o'clock) .
      现在是十点差五分。
7. （引出接受者）给，予，向
   used to show the person or thing that receives sth
   1. He gave it to his sister.
      他把那给了他的妹妹。
   2. I'll explain to you where everything goes.
      我会向你解释所有东西的摆放位置。
   3. I am deeply grateful to my parents.
      我对父母是感恩戴德。
   4. Who did she address the letter to?
      那封信她是写给谁的？
   5. To whom did she address the letter?
      那封信她是写给谁的？
8. （引出受事者或受体）对于，关于
   used to show the person or thing that is affected by an action
   1. She is devoted to her family.
      她深深爱着自己的家庭。
   2. What have you done to your hair?
      你怎么把头发弄成这个样子？
9. （表示两件事物相接或相连）
   used to show that two things are attached or connected
   1. Attach this rope to the front of the car.
      把这绳子系在小轿车的前面。
10. （表示两人或事物之间的关系）属于，归于，关于，对于
    used to show a relationship between one person or thing and another
    1. She's married to an Italian.
       她嫁给了一个意大利人。
    2. the Japanese ambassador to France
       日本驻法大使
    3. the key to the door
       这个门的钥匙
    4. the solution to this problem
       解决这个问题的办法
11. 指向；关于
    directed towards; concerning
    1. It was a threat to world peace.
       这是对世界和平的威胁。
    2. She made a reference to her recent book.
       她提到了自己最近的那本书。
12. （引出比较或比率的第二部分）比
    used to introduce the second part of a comparison or ratio
    1. I prefer walking to climbing.
       我喜欢散步多于喜欢爬山。
    2. The industry today is nothing to what it once was.
       这一行业的现状与昔日的盛况相比微不足道。
    3. We won by six goals to three.
       我们以六比三获胜。
13. （表示数量或比率）等于，每，一
    used to show a quantity or rate
    1. There are 2.54 centimetres to an inch.
       一英寸等于2.54厘米。
    2. This car does 30 miles to the gallon.
       这辆汽车每加仑汽油可行驶30英里。
14. 向…表示敬意
    in honour of sb/sth
    1. a monument to the soldiers who died in the war
       阵亡将士纪念碑
    2. Let's drink to Julia and her new job.
       让咱们为朱莉娅和她的新工作干杯。
15. 伴随；随同
    while sth else is happening or being done
    1. He left the stage to prolonged applause.
       他在经久不息的掌声中退下了舞台。
16. （用于表示动作的动词之后）为了给，以提供
    used after verbs of movement to mean ‘with the intention of giving sth’
    1. People rushed to her rescue and picked her up.
       人们冲上来把她救起。
17. （表示态度或反应）适合，符合，致使
    used to show sb's attitude or reaction to sth
    1. His music isn't really to my taste.
       他的音乐实在不合我的口味。
    2. To her astonishment, he smiled.
       使她惊讶的是，他笑了。
18. （表示看法或感觉）按…的看法，据…认为
    used to show what sb's opinion or feeling about sth is
    1. It sounded like crying to me.
       在我听来这像哭。

infinitive marker

1. （表示目的或意图）
   used to show purpose or intention
   1. I set out to buy food.
      我动身去买吃的。
   2. I am going to tell you a story.
      我要给你们讲一个故事。
   3. She was determined to do well.
      她决心要做好。
   4. His aim was to become president.
      他的目的是当总统。
   5. To be honest with you, I don't remember what he said.
      跟你说实话，我不记得他说过什么了。
2. （表示结果）
   used to show the result of sth
   1. She managed to escape.
      她设法逃走了。
   2. It was too hot to go out.
      天太热，不能出去。
   3. He couldn't get close enough to see.
      他无法靠近看个清楚。
3. （表示原因）
   used to show the cause of sth
   1. I'm sorry to hear that.
      我听到这消息很难过。
4. （表示想做或让做的事情）
   used to show an action that you want or are advised to do
   1. I'd love to go to France this summer.
      今年夏天我想去法国。
   2. The leaflet explains how to apply for a place.
      这本小册子介绍如何申请职位。
   3. I don't know what to say.
      我不知道说什么好。
5. （表示已知或转述的事情）
   used to show sth that is known or reported about a particular person or thing
   1. The house was said to be haunted.
      据说这座房子里闹鬼。
6. （表示一个动作紧跟另一动作）
   used to show that one action immediately follows another
   1. I reached the station only to find that my train had already left.
      我到了车站，却发现我要搭乘的火车已经开走了。
7. 必须；一定；应该
   used to show that you must or should do sth
   1. You are not to talk during the exam.
      考试期间不许说话。
   2. She was to be here at 8.30 but she didn't arrive.
      她应该在8:30到这里，但是没有到。

adv.

1. 关着；关闭；关上
   in or into a closed position
   1. Push the door to.
      推门关上。

PREPOSITION AND ADVERB USES 介词和副词用法

In addition to the uses shown below, to is used in phrasal verbs such as ‘see to’ and ‘come to’. It is also used with some verbs that have two objects in order to introduce the second object.
除下列用法外，to 还可用于 see to 和 come to 等短语动词中。它还与某些带双宾语的动词连用，以引出第二个宾语。

Usually pronounced /tə/ before a consonant and /tu/ before a vowel, but pronounced /tuː/ when you are emphasizing it. 通常在辅音前读作 /tə/，在元音前读作 /tu/，但在强调时读作 /tuː/。


1. PREP (表示方向、目的地)向，朝，往，到
   You use to when indicating the place that someone or something visits, moves towards, or points at.
   1. Two friends and I drove to Florida during college spring break...
      我和两个朋友在大学春假期间开车去了佛罗里达。
   2. Ramsay made a second visit to Italy.
      拉姆齐第二次访问意大利。
   3. ...a five-day road and rail journey to Beijing...
      到北京长达5天的公路兼铁路车程
   4. She went to the window and looked out...
      她走到窗前向外看去。
   5. He pointed to a chair, signalling for her to sit.
      他指着一把椅子，示意她坐下。
2. PREP 去(参加)
   If you go to an event, you go where it is taking place.
   1. We went to a party at the leisure centre...
      我们去休闲活动中心参加了一个聚会。
   2. He came to dinner...
      他来赴晚宴了。
   3. I do hope you'll be able to come to the wedding…
      我确实希望你能来参加婚礼。
   4. Eliza accepted Charles' invitation to a house party.
      伊丽莎接受了查尔斯发出的参加家庭晚会的邀请。
3. PREP (表示捆、系、拴等)连接，附着
   If something is attached to something larger or fixed to it, the two things are joined together.
   1. There was a piece of cloth tied to the dog's collar...
      狗项圈上系着一条布。
   2. Many patients prefer hand-held shower heads rather than those fixed to the wall…
      很多病人更喜欢手握式的淋浴喷头而不是固定在墙上的那种。
   3. Scrape off all the meat juices stuck to the bottom of the pan.
      把粘在平底锅底的肉汁全擦掉。
4. PREP (表示位置)在，位于
   You use to when indicating the position of something. For example, if something is to your left, it is nearer your left side than your right side.
   1. Hemingway's studio is to the right...
      海明威的工作室在右面。
   2. You will see the chapel on the hill to your left…
      你会看见那座小教堂在你左侧的山上。
   3. Atlanta was only an hour's drive to the north.
      开车往北仅 1 个小时就能到达亚特兰大。
5. PREP 给，予
   When you give something to someone, they receive it.
   1. He picked up the knife and gave it to me...
      他捡起刀子递给我。
   2. Firms should be allowed to offer jobs to the long-term unemployed at a lower wage.
      公司应获许以较低的工资给长期失业的人提供岗位。
6. PREP (表示动作或情感的对象)对，于
   You use to to indicate who or what an action or a feeling is directed towards.
   1. Marcus has been most unkind to me today...
      马库斯今天对我非常无礼。
   2. …troops loyal to the government.
      忠于政府的军队
   3. …the problem of cruelty to children…
      虐待儿童问题
   4. I have had to pay for repairs to the house.
      我不得不支付房屋维修费用。
7. PREP (与某些名词、形容词连用，表示关联)对于，关于
   You use to with certain nouns and adjectives to show that a following noun is related to them.
   1. He is a witty man, and an inspiration to all of us...
      他机智风趣，鼓舞激励着我们所有人。
   2. Marriage is not the answer to everything...
      婚姻并不能解决一切问题。
   3. She was very sympathetic to the problems of adult students.
      她对成人学生的难题非常体谅。
8. PREP 对…(说);向…(说)
   If you say something to someone, you want that person to listen and understand what you are saying.
   1. I'm going to have to explain to them that I can't pay them.
      我将不得不向他们解释我不能付钱给他们。
9. PREP (表示反应或态度)致使，致
   You use to when indicating someone's reaction to something or their feelings about a situation or event. For example, if you say that something happens to someone's surprise you mean that they are surprised when it happens.
   1. To his surprise, the bedroom door was locked…
      令他吃惊的是，卧室门锁上了。
   2. He survived, to the amazement of surgeons.
      令外科医生惊讶的是，他竟活下来了。
10. PREP 据…认为
    You use to when indicating the person whose opinion you are stating.
    1. It was clear to me that he respected his boss...
       在我看来他显然很尊重他的上司。
    2. Everyone seemed to her to be amazingly kind.
       每个人对她来说都善良得不可思议。
11. PREP (表示变化)倾向于，趋于，至
    You use to when indicating what something or someone is becoming, or the state or situation that they are progressing towards.
    1. The shouts changed to screams of terror.
       喊叫声变成了惊恐的尖叫声。
    2. ...an old ranch house that has been converted to a nature centre.
       被改建成自然中心的旧农场主住宅
    3. …a return to active politics…
       再次复出，积极参政
    4. Charles has been promoted to general sales and marketing manager.
       查尔斯被提升为市场营销总经理。
12. PREP (表示雇佣关系)为
    To can be used as a way of introducing the person or organization you are employed by, when you perform some service for them.
    1. Rickman worked as a dresser to Nigel Hawthorne...
       里克曼曾是奈杰尔·霍索恩的服装师。
    2. He was an official interpreter to the government of Nepal.
       他曾是尼泊尔政府的官方译员。
13. PREP (表示时间、数量的界限)达到
    You use to to indicate that something happens until the time or amount mentioned is reached.
    1. Every vehicle was banned from coming into Mexico City one day a week from Monday to Friday…
       每周一到周五期间都会有一天禁止所有车辆进入墨西哥城。
    2. From 1977 to 1985 the United States gross national product grew 21 percent...
       从1977到1985年，美国的国民生产总值增长了 21%。
    3. The annual rate of inflation in Britain has risen to its highest level for eight years.
       英国的年通货膨胀率已升至8年来的最高水平。
14. PREP (用于列举时)(从…)到…
    You use to when indicating the last thing in a range of things, usually when you are giving two extreme examples of something.
    1. I read everything from fiction to history.
       从小说到历史，我什么书都读。
    2. …mechanical toys and gadgets, from typewriters to toy cars.
       从打字机到玩具汽车这样的机械玩具和小巧装置
    3. …new orders for everything from computers to trucks.
       订购的货物从计算机到卡车无所不有的新订单
15. PREP (表示处所、工作变动)(从…)到…
    If someone goes from place to place or from job to job, they go to several places, or work in several jobs, and spend only a short time in each one.
    1. Larry and Andy had drifted from place to place, worked at this and that.
       拉里和安迪从一处漂泊到另一处，干点这个又干点那个。
16. See also: She stood up and began to pace to and fro... The boat was rocking gently to and fro in the water. toing and fro-ing
17. PREP (表示时间)在…之前，(差…)不到…
    You use to when you are stating a time which is less than thirty minutes before an hour. For example, if it is 'five to eight', it is five minutes before eight o'clock.
    1. At twenty to six I was waiting by the entrance to the station...
       5 点 40 分我正在车站入口处等着。
    2. At exactly five minutes to nine, Ann left her car and entered the building.
       安在刚好8点55分时下车进了楼。
18. PREP (表示比率)每
    You use to when giving ratios and rates.
    1. ...engines that can run at 60 miles to the gallon.
       每加仑油跑 60 英里的发动机
    2. …a mixture of one part milk to two parts water.
       由一份牛奶和两份水兑成的混合物
19. PREP 伴随;随同
    You use to when indicating that two things happen at the same time. For example, if something is done to music, it is done at the same time as music is being played.
    1. Romeo left the stage, to enthusiastic applause...
       罗密欧在热烈的掌声中离开了舞台。
    2. Amy woke up to the sound of her doorbell ringing...
       随着门铃叮当作响，埃米醒来了。
    3. 'I've got an idea,' said Edward to a chorus of groans.
       “我想到了一个办法，”爱德华在一片哼哼声中说道。
20. CONVENTION 不费事;很简单
    If you say 'There's nothing to it', 'There's not much to it', or 'That's all there is to it', you are emphasizing how simple you think something is.
    1. Once they have tried growing orchids, they will see there is really nothing to it.
       一旦他们试着种植兰花，就会发现那并不是什么难事。
    2. She's going through a difficult time. That's all there is to it.
       她正经历一个困难时期。就这么简单。
21. ADV (门)关着，虚掩着
    If you push or shut a door to, you close it but may not shut it completely.
    1. He slipped out, pulling the door to.
       他溜了出去，虚掩上门。
22. See also: according to

USED BEFORE THE BASE FORM OF A VERB 用于动词原形前

Pronounced /tə/ before a consonant and /tu/ before a vowel. 在辅音前读作 /tə/，在元音前读作 /tu/。


1. to inf (用于动词原形前构成不定式;不定式用于某些动词、名词、形容词以及 how，which, where 等词之后)。
   You use to before the base form of a verb to form the to-infinitive. You use the to-infinitive after certain verbs, nouns, and adjectives, and after words such as 'how', 'which', and 'where'.
   1. The management wanted to know what I was doing there...
      管理层想知道我在那里做什么。
   2. She told ministers of her decision to resign...
      她告诉了部长们她准备辞职的决定。
   3. Trish was the first to see him…
      特里什是第一个见他的人。
   4. Nuclear plants are expensive to build, though cheap to operate…
      核电站造价高昂，虽然运转费用低廉。
   5. Darling! It's lovely to see you…
      亲爱的！见到你真是太好了。
   6. She did not take the judge's advice about how to do her job…
      她没有听取评审的工作建议。
   7. The Foreign Minister is to visit China…
      外交大臣将要访问中国。
   8. The youngest child, John, was to die at the age of fourteen.
      最小的孩子约翰后来于 14 岁时夭亡。
2. 利用大公司的经验帮助小企业 → see: ...using the experience of big companies to help small businesses...
3. to inf (用于动词原形前，表示对自己要说的话加以说明)
   You use to before the base form of a verb when you are commenting on a statement that you are making, for example when saying that you are being honest or brief, or that you are summing up or giving an example.
   1. I'm disappointed, to be honest...
      说实话，我很失望。
   2. Well, to sum up, what is the message that you are trying to get across?
      那么，概括来说，你想要传达的信息到底是什么？
4. to inf (用于感叹句中的动词原形前，强调某一强烈情感)
   You use to before the base form of a verb in exclamations when you are emphasizing a very strong emotion, such as a desire or wish, or a regret or disappointment.
   1. Oh, to think of his poor wife, standing there helpless…
      噢！想想他可怜的妻子，无助地站在那里。
   2. But then to be let down like that, oh it's so unfair!
      但是接下来竟让人如此失望，唉，这真不公平！
5. to inf (用于动词原形前，表示某一动作之后的情形)
   You use to before the base form of a verb when indicating what situation follows a particular action.
   1. He made his way to the kitchen to find Francis cooking…
      他走到厨房，发现弗朗西斯正在做菜。
   2. From the garden you walk down to discover a large and beautiful lake...
      由花园往前走，你会发现一个宽阔美丽的湖。
   3. He awoke to find Charlie standing near the bed.
      他醒了过来，发现查利正站在床边。
6. → see: too and enough

1. We went to a party at the leisure centre
   我们去休闲中心参加一个聚会。
2. He pointed to a chair, signalling for her to sit.
   他指向一把椅子，示意她坐下。
3. Two friends and I drove to Florida during college spring break
   我和两个朋友在大学春假期间开车去了佛罗里达。
4. Ramsay made a second visit to Italy.
   拉姆齐第二次访问意大利。
5. She went to the window and looked out
   她走到窗前向外看去。
6. He came to dinner
   他来赴晚宴了。
7. There was a piece of cloth tied to the dog's collar
   狗项圈上系着一条布。
8. Hemingway's studio is to the right
   海明威的工作室在右面。
9. He picked up the knife and gave it to me
   他捡起刀子递给我。
10. Marcus has been most unkind to me today
    马库斯今天对我非常无礼。
11. He is a witty man, and an inspiration to all of us
    他机智风趣，鼓舞激励着我们所有人。
12. I'm going to have to explain to them that I can't pay them.
    我将不得不向他们解释我不能付钱给他们。
13. To his surprise, the bedroom door was locked
    令他吃惊的是，卧室门锁上了。
14. It was clear to me that he respected his boss
    在我看来他显然很尊重他的上司。
15. The shouts changed to screams of terror.
    喊叫声变成了惊恐的尖叫声。
16. Rickman worked as a dresser to Nigel Hawthorne
    里克曼曾是奈杰尔·霍索恩的服装师。
17. Every vehicle was banned from coming into Mexico City one day a week from Monday to Friday
    每周一到周五期间都会有一天禁止所有车辆进入墨西哥城。
18. I read everything from fiction to history.
    从小说到历史，我什么书都读。
19. Larry and Andy had drifted from place to place, worked at this and that.
    拉里和安迪从一处漂泊到另一处，干点这个又干点那个。
20. She stood up and began to pace to and fro
    她站起身，开始来回踱步。
21. a mixture of one part milk to two parts water.
    由一份牛奶和两份水兑成的混合物
22. Romeo left the stage, to enthusiastic applause
    罗密欧在热烈的掌声中离开了舞台。
23. Once they have tried growing orchids, they will see there is really nothing to it.
    一旦他们试着种植兰花，就会发现那并不是什么难事。
24. He slipped out, pulling the door to.
    他溜了出去，虚掩上门。
25. The management wanted to know what I was doing there
    管理层想知道我在那里做什么。
26. He was doing this to make me more relaxed
    他这么做是为了使我更放松。
27. I'm disappointed, to be honest
    说实话，我很失望。
28. Oh, to think of his poor wife, standing there helpless
    噢！想想他可怜的妻子，无助地站在那里。
29. He made his way to the kitchen to find Francis cooking
    他走到厨房，发现弗朗西斯正在做菜。

adv.

to and fro

• 往返地；来回地
  backwards and forwards
  1. She rocked the baby to and fro.
     她来回摇动着婴儿。