These questions were tailor-made for Professor Posner. 这些问题请教波斯纳教授算是问对人了。
He continued to write a blog with the legal scholar Richard Posner until a few weeks before his death. 他一直与法律学者理查德波斯纳(RichardPosner)合写博客,直至辞世几周之前。
However, both Feltman and Posner emphasized that, in the end, lasting change in each country will come from within. 但费尔特曼和波斯纳都强调,两个国家持久的变革最终都将来自于两国内部。
But, as Richard Posner, a federal appeals court judge, has argued, what works in this sector is not necessarily appropriate in communications, software or elsewhere. 但正如联邦上诉法院法官理查德波斯纳(richardposner)的观点,适用于制药业的,不一定适用于通信、软件或其他行业。
According to Henry Posner, a US-based railway investor with experience of Africa, reliability problems have also been reported with some Chinese-built diesel locomotives exported to African countries. 曾有过非洲投资经验的美国铁路投资人亨利波斯纳(henryposner)表示,据报道,中国出口至非洲国家的一些柴油机车还存在可靠性问题。
Posner, and Product Life Cycle Theory, which was proposed by R. 提出的产品生命周期理论&进行研评。
On the Rational Hypothesis and Efficiency Standard of Posner's Economic Analysis of Law 论波斯纳法律经济学的理性假定和效率标准
Jonathan Masur and Eric Posner, both law professors at the University of Chicago, think so. 芝加哥大学的乔纳森·马苏尔和埃里克·坡斯纳两位教授,一致认为是这样的。
But Messrs Masur and Posner say that making decisions on the ground of employment without properly incorporating this into cost-benefit analysis results in "ad hoc and incoherent" rule-making. 但是马苏尔和坡斯那认为不把就业因素加入收益成本分析,而做出以就业为考量的决定会造成规则制定变得“随意且不连贯”。
Part two begins with Posner's critiques on the traditional justice of utilitarianism, and then discusses Posner's theory of justice and efficiency, that is taking the efficiency as a center, and carrying out justice and equality in the procedure of seeking efficiency. 第二部分,从波斯纳对传统功利主义正义观的批判出发,来阐述波斯纳的正义与效率观,即以促进效率为核心,以增进财富最大化为目的的正义与效率观。
Analysis to Posner and Coase ′ s Law and Economics Pattern 对波斯纳与科斯法经济学范式的解析
The theorems of law and economics include Smith Theorem, Normative Hobbes Theorem, Coase Theorem, Posner Theorem and so on. 法经济学基本定理包括斯密定理、规范的霍布斯定理、科斯定理、波斯纳定理等。
Simple and easy cases have relatively strong objectivity, which is replicable and equal to the objectivity in the scientific sense put forward by Posner. 简易案件的客观性较强,相当于波斯纳所讲的科学意义上的客观性,具有重复性。
Judge Posner applies the price theory of classic economics to the studies of law and reveals the efficiency of fact-finding through such perspectives as cost-benefit analysis, opportunity cost analysis, incentive analysis, efficiency analysis, etc. 波斯纳法官从事实发现的成本-收益分析、机会成本分析、激励分析、效率分析等视角入手,全方位地揭示了事实发现的效率维度。
Posner's Theory About Economics of Law and Its Service as Reference 波斯纳法律经济学思想及其可借鉴性
According to Posner, a standard of an efficient property system should include following three traits: universality, exclusivity, transferability. 波斯纳认为:一个有效率的财产制度应具备普遍性、排他性、可转让性这三个特征。
Posner's Comparative Regulatory Advantage Theory& Conflicts Law and Free Trade 波斯纳的比较管理优势说&兼论冲突法与自由贸易
Conceptual change model was proposed by Posner in 1982. He pointed out that four conditions needed to be presented for conceptual change to occur: ( a) There must be dissatisfaction with existing conceptions; ( b) A new conception must be intelligible; 概念转变过程模型是波斯纳等于1982年提出的,认为个体要实现概念转变必须具备四个条件:对原有概念的不满,新概念的可理解性、合理性和有效性。
Posner opened the black box of law with the economics, while Coase unclosed the black box of economics with the law, as a result of which two patterns of the law and economics have been formed as the economic analysis of law and legal analysis of economics. 波斯纳以经济学打开法学的黑箱,科斯以法学打开经济学黑箱,作为经济学和法学交叉学科的法经济学由此形成两种理论范式,即法律的经济分析和经济的法律分析。
Posner ′ s opinion of the objectiveness of law 波斯纳眼中的法律客观性
First is the simple wealth maximization theory generally respond to criticism, then focus on wealth maximization and utilitarianism answers the difference between, and analyzes the similarities and differences between Posner and Coase. 首先是对财富最大化理论一般的简单批判做出回应,接下来重点回答了财富最大化与功利主义之间的差异,并分析了波斯纳与科斯之间的异同。
And we may find the book Economic Analysis of Law by Posner, in which he discussed the theory of efficient breach of contract, stating that the function and value of contract liability should be revalued by analyzing the relationship between cost and risk during the transaction. 波斯纳作为经济分析法学派的代表,在该书中提出效率违约理论,主张通过对交易过程中成本与风险关系的分析来重新评价合同责任的功能和价值。
Posner insists that the courts should analyze the different interests behind the cases on the ground of the social need, then investigate and evaluate and make the choice at last. 波斯纳认为法官应该立足于社会的需要,对案件背后隐藏的各种具体利益进行认真分析、调查和评估,并最终做出选择。
Since the 1970s, Posner published his book "Economic Analysis of Law", the economic analysis has played an increasing role in the law. It opened a new prospect in the thinking of the law, and provided some new ideas for the research of the law. 自20世纪70年代,波斯纳发表其著作《法律的经济分析》以来,经济学分析方法在法学界影响越来越大,其开阔了法学的思维视野,为法学的研究提供了崭新的思路。
The theory of Posner advocate the principle of fault liability, but different school of the theory of the justice of person has different opinions between the strict liability and the fault liability. However, in general, the theory of fault liability gains the upper hand. 波斯纳式经济阻遏理论崇尚过错责任原则,个体正义理论的不同流派在严格责任与过错责任的取舍上存在分歧,但总体上看,过错责任原则在理论界占了上风。
The famous American economic jurist Posner is a very famous formula, accurate description of why the contract law in order to encourage trading. 美国著名经济分析法学家波斯纳有一个非常著名的公式,准确地描述了为什么合同法要以鼓励交易为目标。
Accordance to the law and economics analysis from Posner, the commercial information should not be open. 依照波斯纳法经济学分析方法,商事主体信息应该予以保密。
But the issues on the economic analysis of the law grow in intensity, especially on the wealth maximum theory which put forward by Posner. 但与此同时,关于法律的经济学分析之争议也愈演愈烈,特别是针对波斯纳的财富最大化理论。