Results The achievement ratio of the improved model was 80%. The complications included ( subarachnoid) hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, angiorrhexis of cervical blood vessels, uncomplete ischemia and anesthetic accident, et al. 结果改进后的模型成功率80%,在制作过程中易出现蛛网膜下腔出血、脑实质出血、颈部血管破裂出血、脑缺血不完全和麻醉意外等问题。