Recent epidemiological investigations have determined that some neurosurgical, vascular, and cardiovascular procedures, such as carotid endarterectomy, intracranial aneurysmectomy and aorta arteriorrhaphy in deep hypothermia, present a high risk for transient cerebral ischemia and reperfusion ( I/ R). 流行病学研究发现,一些神经外科、血管外科和心血管手术(如:颈动脉内膜剥脱术、颅内动脉瘤切除术、深低温下主动脉修补术)存在较高的脑缺血再灌注损伤的风险。