bitter

adj.

1. 激烈而不愉快的；充满愤怒与仇恨的
   very serious and unpleasant, with a lot of anger and hatred involved
   1. a long and bitter dispute
      漫长的激烈争论
2. 愤愤不平的
   feeling angry and unhappy because you feel that you have been treated unfairly
   1. She is very bitter about losing her job.
      她丢掉了工作，心里很不服气。
3. 令人不快的；使人悲痛的；由痛苦引起的
   making you feel very unhappy; caused by great unhappiness
   1. to weep/shed bitter tears
      伤心落泪
   2. Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team.
      输掉这场比赛对这个队来说是一件伤心失望的事。
   3. I've learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says.
      我已从痛苦的经验中得到了教训，不要相信他的话。
4. 味苦的
   having a strong, unpleasant taste; not sweet
   1. Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth.
      清咖啡在嘴里留下苦味。
5. 严寒的
   extremely cold and unpleasant
   1. bitter cold
      严寒
   2. a bitter wind
      刺骨寒风
   3. It's really bitter out today.
      今天户外的确很冷。

noun

1. 苦啤酒（在英国很受欢迎）
   a type of beer with a dark colour and a strong bitter taste, that is very popular in Britain
   1. A pint of bitter, please.
      请来一品脱苦啤酒。
2. 苦酒原汁（从植物中提取的苦酒精液体，可增加其他酒精饮料的味道）
   a strong bitter alcoholic liquid that is made from plants and added to other alcoholic drinks to give flavour
   1. gin with a dash of bitters
      掺了少量苦酒汁的杜松子酒

1. ADJ-GRADED 激烈的；猛烈的；充满敌意的
   In a bitter argument or conflict, people argue very angrily or fight very fiercely.
   1. ...the scene of bitter fighting during the Second World War.
      第二次世界大战期间激烈的战斗场面
   2. ...a bitter attack on the Government's failure to support manufacturing...
      对政府支持制造业不力的猛烈抨击
   3. On the eve of the poll, campaigning was bitter.
      在投票前夕，竞选活动如火如荼。
2. ADJ-GRADED 怨恨的；愤愤不平的
   If someone is bitter after a disappointing experience or after being treated unfairly, they continue to feel angry about it.
   1. She is said to be very bitter about the way she was sacked...
      据说，她对自己被以如此方式解雇而感到愤愤不平。
   2. His long life was marked by bitter personal and political memories.
      他漫长的一生充满了关于个人生活和政治生涯的苦涩记忆。
3. ADJ-GRADED （经历或感觉）令人非常失望的，痛苦的，辛酸的
   A bitter experience makes you feel very disappointed. You can also use bitter to emphasize feelings of disappointment.
   1. I think the decision was a bitter blow from which he never quite recovered...
      我想这个决定对他是个沉重的打击，从此以后他一蹶不振。
   2. A great deal of bitter experience had taught him how to lose gracefully...
      大量惨痛的经历让他学会了如何坦然面对失败。
   3. The statement was greeted with bitter disappointment by many of the other delegates.
      这份声明使其他许多代表大失所望。
4. ADJ-GRADED 寒冷的；刺骨的
   Bitter weather, or a bitter wind, is extremely cold.
   1. Outside, a bitter east wind was accompanied by flurries of snow.
      外面，刺骨的东风伴着阵阵小雪。
   2. ...after spending a night in the bitter cold.
      在严寒中度过一夜之后
5. ADJ-GRADED （味道）苦的
   A bitter taste is sharp, not sweet, and often slightly unpleasant.
   1. The leaves taste rather bitter.
      这些叶子味道相当苦。
   2. ...as the wine ages, losing its bitter harshness, and becoming softer and smoother.
      年深日久，酒会褪去辣味，口感变得醇和起来
6. N-MASS 苦啤酒
   Bitter is a kind of beer that is light brown in colour.
   1. ...a pint of bitter.
      一品脱苦啤酒
7. PHRASE 坚持到底；拼到底
   If you say that you will continue doing something to the bitter end, especially something difficult or unpleasant, you are emphasizing that you will continue doing it until it is completely finished.
   1. The guerrillas would fight to the bitter end, he said, in order to achieve their main goal.
      他说，游击队员会为实现主要目标而战斗到底。
8. a bitter pill → see: pill

1. The United States had no intention of backing down in its bitter row over farm subsidies
   美国无意就激烈争吵的农产品补贴问题作出让步。
2. On the eve of the poll, campaigning was bitter.
   在投票前夕，竞选活动如火如荼。
3. She is said to be very bitter about the way she was sacked
   据说，她对自己被以如此方式解雇而感到愤愤不平。
4. His long life was marked by bitter personal and political memories.
   他漫长的一生充满了关于个人生活和政治生涯的苦涩记忆。
5. I think the decision was a bitter blow from which he never quite recovered
   我想这个决定对他是个沉重的打击，从此以后他一蹶不振。
6. A great deal of bitter experience had taught him how to lose gracefully
   大量惨痛的经历让他学会了如何坦然面对失败。
7. The statement was greeted with bitter disappointment by many of the other delegates.
   这份声明使其他许多代表大失所望。
8. Outside, a bitter east wind was accompanied by flurries of snow.
   外面，刺骨的东风伴着阵阵小雪。
9. The leaves taste rather bitter.
   这些叶子味道相当苦。
10. The guerrillas would fight to the bitter end, he said, in order to achieve their main goal.
    他说，游击队员会为实现主要目标而战斗到底。
11. Dawn came, the sea calmed but the cold was as bitter as ever.
    破晓之际，海面平静了下来，但是寒冷依旧。
12. Some Democrats still have bitter memories of how, against all odds, they came off worst during the inquiry
    一些民主党人士至今仍然记得当时困难重重、在调查中惨败的痛苦经历。
13. We will fight to the bitter end to ensure our children get what is rightfully theirs.
    我们会斗争到底，确保我们的孩子得到理应属于他们的东西。
14. The President's address was a fitting end to a bitter campaign.
    总统的讲话为一场激烈的竞选运动适时画上了句号。
15. He is bitter about the inaction of the other political parties.
    对其他政党的无作为他多有挖苦。
16. He leveled bitter criticism against the US.
    他对美国提出了尖锐的批评。
17. Fox is not bitter about the lost opportunity to compete in the Games
    福克斯并没有对错过了参赛机会感到不忿。
18. The taste is only slightly bitter, and there is little odour.
    它尝起来只是稍微有点苦，并且没有什么特别的气味。
19. Mr Taylor was not bitter towards those who had opposed him
    泰勒先生对那些曾反对过他的人并未怀恨在心。
20. You're too old to be given a job. That's a bitter pill to swallow.
    你年龄太大了，没人愿意再给工作，这是你不得不接受的现实。
21. This was a predictable reaction, given the bitter hostility between the two countries
    考虑到这两个国家之间激烈的敌对情绪，这种反应是可以预见的。
22. I felt quite bitter about it at the time
    当时我对这件事感到相当怨愤。
23. The bitter rows and recriminations have finally ended the relationship
    激烈的争吵和相互指责最终为他们的感情画上了句号。
24. His voice tailed away in the bitter cold air
    他的声音在刺骨的寒风中越来越微弱。
25. A blow still more bitter followed.
    接下来是更沉重的一击。
26. Morphine is a white bitter substance obtained from opium and used in medicine to reduce pain.
    吗啡是从鸦片中提炼出的苦味的白色物体，用作减痛的药物。
27. She was given to using bitter sarcasm.
    她惯于用尖酸刻薄语言挖苦人。
28. The little tree has weathered several bitter winters.
    这棵小树经受了好几个严冬。
29. This medicine tastes very bitter.
    这药苦极了。

adj.

a bitter pill (for sb) (to swallow)

• 严酷的现实；（难以咽下的）苦果
  a fact or an event that is unpleasant and difficult to accept

to/until the bitter end

• （不怕艰苦）坚持到底，奋斗到底
  continuing until you have done everything you can, or until sth is completely finished, despite difficulties and problems
  1. They were prepared to fight to the bitter end for their rights.
     他们甘愿为自己的权利斗争到底。

noun

1. the property of having a harsh unpleasant taste

   Synonym:    bitterness

2. the taste experience when quinine or coffee is taken into the mouth

   Synonym:    bitterness

3. English term for a dry sharp-tasting ale with strong flavor of hops (usually on draft)

verb

1. make bitter

adj

1. marked by strong resentment or cynicism
   1. an acrimonious dispute
   2. bitter about the divorce

   Synonym:    acrimonious

2. proceeding from or exhibiting great hostility or animosity
   1. a bitter struggle
   2. bitter enemies

3. expressive of severe grief or regret
   1. shed bitter tears

4. causing a sharply painful or stinging sensation
   1. bitter cold
   2. a biting wind

   Synonym:    biting

5. harsh or corrosive in tone
   1. an acerbic tone piercing otherwise flowery prose
   2. a barrage of acid comments
   3. her acrid remarks make her many enemies
   4. bitter words
   5. blistering criticism
   6. caustic jokes about political assassination, talk-show hosts and medical ethics
   7. a sulfurous denunciation
   8. a vitriolic critique

   Synonym:    acerbacerbicacidacridblisteringcausticsulfuroussulphurousvirulentvitriolic

6. causing a sharp and acrid taste experience

7. very difficult to accept or bear
   1. the bitter truth
   2. a bitter sorrow

adv

1. extremely and sharply
   1. it was bitterly cold
   2. bitter cold

   Synonym:    piercinglybitterlybitingly