But the "dollarization" of its economy has created a new set of problems. 但其经济的“美元化”产生了一系列新问题。
We need therefore to safeguard the integrity of the multiple-currency system or dollarization in Zimbabwe. 因此我们必须要么保障健全的多货币体系,要么保障健全的津巴布韦元。
It would seem, at first blush, that dollarization must be good. 首先来说,美元化看起来一定是个好事情。
Dollarization raises the stakes in Country B, because it intensifies the pressure to reach a political consensus by foreclosing other options. 在B类国家美元化会有风险,因为首先必需施加压力达成一个较一致的意见以排除其它选择。
For this country, dollarization is a high-stakes gamble with no guarantee of success. 对这些家,美元化是高风险的投机,没有成功的保证。
The nature of dollarization is the substitution of home currency by certain foreign hard currency. 美元化的本质是本国的货币被外国强势货币替代。
Dollarization is seen as a way of jump-starting reform and restoring investor confidence. 美元化被看作是发起改革,恢复投资者信心的一个途径。
And by making it all but impossible for the government to revert to its bad old inflationary ways, dollarization locks in other policy reforms. 实现这一点,除了无法使政府扭转其糟糕的通货膨胀的老路子外,美元化锁住了其它的政策改革。
One is that of "Country A," for which dollarization is the culmination of a long process of policy reform. 其中对于A类国家,美元化必须经过一个长期的政策改革。
The trend of dollarization challenges the international credit currency standard that IMF leads to its stabilization and fairness. 全球美元化趋势挑战其所主导的信用本位体系的稳定与公平;
Latin America and russia: dollarization of monetary policy and dollarization of monetary possessions 拉美与俄罗斯:货币政策美元化与货币财富美元化
US dollarization in East Asia cuts the gains of the regional monetary cooperation, the strong dollar policy pushes East Asian countries into a dilemma and impedes the ultimate goal of the East Asian monetary cooperation. 东亚美元化削减了东亚货币合作的所得收益,而强势美元政策使东亚国家面对美元霸权时陷入进退两难境地,从而在一定程度上影响了东亚货币合作最终目标的实现。
Firstly this section analyzes some factors 'effects on international bond capital flows, such as interest rate, exchange rate, currency dollarization, taxes and control of capital account. 对利率、汇率、货币美元化以及税收、资本管制对国际债券资本流以及国际投机行为的影响进行了简要分析;
Dollarization is an important economic phenomenon during the development of Latin America, and it also stems from the world economy globalization and integration of 20th century. 美元化是拉美国家经济发展历程中的重要经济现象,也是20世纪经济全球化和一体化发展的产物。
Discuss the developing country dilema in choosing exchange rate regime, and analyse the cost and profit when a country decide to give up it's own currency, compare the currency board and total currency substitution, also indicate which type of country are more suitable for dollarization. 本文主要分析了发展中国家在汇率选择问题上面临的困境,以及实现全面货币替代的成本收益分析,并进一步比较了货币替代与货币局制的差别,指出什么样的国家最适合全面货币替代。
This thesis studies emphatically the pattern of international regional monetary cooperation and make a comparative analysis of three different patterns, the Euro-pattern of single currency union, the Dollarization pattern of currency substitution, and the "10+ 3" pattern of East Asian monetary cooperation. 本文重点研究国际区域货币合作的发展模式,对单一货币联盟的欧元模式、货币替代的美元化模式、10+3的东亚货币合作模式分别进行了比较分析和研究。
An Analysis to the Economic Dollarization in Latin America One Dollar 浅析拉美国家的经济美元化
This paper analyzes dollarization from the pass-through effect of Chinese economy, economic openness, inflation rate, the differential of foreign and domestic interest rates and economic growth. 从中国的汇率-物价传导效应、经济开放度、通货膨胀率、本外币利率差异和经济增长等方面分析,可以对中国美元化的产生有更深入的了解。
Prospect of Dollarization in Latin America 从纯技术的角度看拉丁美洲美元化的前景
Study on Dollarization in System of International Currency 国际货币体系变革中的美元化问题研究
We should use currency substitution theory to analyse present dollarization developing situation and our currency substitution level and unfavourable influence and put forward to solve countermeasure. 应当运用货币替代理论分析当前美元化发展的现状和我国货币替代程度及其不利影响,并提出解决对策。
However, theoretically dollarization cannot guarantee that the stable exchange rate and the free capital flow can be implemented by the abandoning of independent monetary policy. 然而,理论上对于美元化并没有强有力的支撑来证明通过放弃独立的货币政策就能够实现汇率的稳定和资本的自由流动。
In the 70-90s of 20th century, the dollarization phenomenon appeared again in some small and open emerging market countries of Latin America and East European area. 20世纪70~90年代,在拉美国家、前苏联和东欧国家及一些小型的、经济开放度较高的新兴市场经济国家和地区均出现了美元化现象。
As East Asia does not have the economic and political basis that Latin America had when Latin America adopted dollarization, the idea is not realistic that the USD stands as the only monetary anchor in the East Asian monetary cooperation. 东亚地区并不具备拉美国家90年代时进行美元化的经济与政治基础,美元作为东亚进行货币合作的唯一货币锚并不现实。
An important outcome of world economy integration, regionalization and globalization is the birth of Euro, dollarization and the idea of "Asian Currency". 世界经济一体化、区域化在国际货币体系方面一个很重要的体现,就是欧元的诞生、美元化的实施和亚元的酝酿。
This chapter first describes the financial liberalization and integration to accelerate the pace of financial reform in East Asia., and then introduces the experience of the European euro and the dollarization in Latin America. 本章首先描述了金融自由化、一体化大背景,然后介绍了欧洲货币一体化和拉美货币一体化的经验。
The process of Europe Monetary Integration and "the official dollarization" in North America shows that to achieve the stable development of the whole region, the real integration in goods and factors markets and the deep coordination of the monetary are both indispensable. 欧洲货币一体化和北美官方美元化发展进程表明,要实现区域整体的稳定发展,不仅需要在区域内加强商品和要素的一体化,也需要在区域范围内协调货币政策,深化货币合作。
Chapter ⅴ gives the comparative analysis of three typical cooperation practices, including the "dollarization" of the Latin American countries, the single European currency and monetary cooperation in East Asia, and sums up the experience and inspiration. 第五章对比分析了拉美国家美元化、欧洲单一货币和东亚货币合作三种实践,总结经验和启示。
At the end of last century, the phenomenon of dollarization in Latin America drew much attention again. 到了20世纪末、21世纪初,美元化尤其是拉美国家的美元化现象再次引起了广泛的关注。
This analysis can be applied to all processes of monetary integration and all forms of monetary unions, such as common pegs, currency board, dollarization, common currency and related coordination of economic and monetary policies. 这种分析同样适用于对货币一体化进程和各种形式的货币同盟(如共同钉住、货币局、美元化、共同货币及有关经济与货币政策的协调)的分析。