ADJ-GRADED (政策、观点)货币主义的 Monetarist policies or views are based on the theory that the amount of money that is available and in use in a country at any one time should be controlled.
...tough monetarist policies. 严格的货币主义政策
A monetarist is someone with monetarist views. 货币主义者
It saw rival schools of macroeconomic thought in violent disagreement& Keynesians favouring a fiscal boost versus monetarists and followers of the Austrian school who thought it either ineffective, unnecessary or risky. 这场争论见证了宏观经济思想对立学派间存在的严重分歧&凯恩斯主义者赞成财政刺激,货币主义者和奥地利学派的追随者则认为财政刺激要么无效、没必要,要么太危险。
( Please don't tell me.) This story illustrates the difficulty of defining, measuring and controlling the money supply; and civil wars among the monetarists on such issues have put off many people. (请别告诉我答案。)这个故事说明,对货币供应量进行定义、衡量和控制是多么地困难;而货币主义者在此类问题上的内战,已令许多人感到厌烦。
Unreconstructed monetarists and those who think the debt crisis was a random shock that has passed will not be persuaded, but for the rest of us, the monetary policy debate should be guided by three principles. 顽固的货币主义者,以及那些认为债务危机是一场已经过去的随机冲击的人士,是不会被说服的。但对我们剩下的人来说,有关货币政策的辩论应该以三条原则为指导。
Mr Magnus was surely correct to say this points to the need for further monetary easing – but wrong, I think, to say that unreconstructed monetarists will not be persuaded. 马格纳斯表示,这说明需要进一步放松货币政策,这肯定是正确的,但他表示,顽固的货币主义者是不会被说服的,我认为,这是错误的。
Monetarists will note, however, that Mr Obama did not raise his voice when the Federal Reserve ceased expanding the money supply in early 2010. 但货币主义者会说,当美联储(Fed)今年年初停止扩大货币供应时,奥巴马并未提出异议。
One of the principal debates among economists with respect to the origins and propagation of inflation has engaged the "monetarists" and the "structuralists". 经济学家关于通货膨胀的起因及其蔓延的重大争论之一牵涉到货币主义者和结构主义者。
His point was that monetarists would see the policy rate at zero and banks holding enormous reserves at the Fed and conclude that money was already too loose. 他的论点是货币主义者看到政策利率为零,银行在美联储持有巨额准备金,就会得出结论认为:货币已经过于宽松。
Monetarists hold that correction of inflation will lead to growth, structuralists hold that growth will cure inflation. 货币主义者认为,制止通货膨胀将导致增长,结构主义认为增长将消除通货膨胀。
Monetarists argue fiscal policy is always unnecessary, since monetary expansion does the trick. 货币主义者辩称,由于货币扩张能起到作用,所以财政政策总是没有必要。
Monetarists can note that the growth of broad measures of the money supply is low. 货币主义者可以提及广义货币供应量的增速较低。
Monetarists should be quite relaxed about the risks of inflation. 货币主义者应该对通胀风险相当放心。
For example, we should stop ignoring the collapse of money supply growth in both the US and the UK – although I wish monetarists would tell us precisely and concisely how to restore its growth. 例如,我们不应再对美英两国货币供应增长大幅萎缩视而不见,不过我希望货币主义者能言简意赅地告诉我们应该如何恢复货币供应增长。
The Keynesians advocate interest rate target while the monetarists support money supply target to be the intermediate target. 凯恩斯学派主要倡导利率中介目标,而货币学派主张以货币供应量为中介目标。
Interest-rate rules theory, which views short-term interest rate as monetary policy instrument, reflects the new ideas and efforts of monetarists engaged in monetary policy. 利率规则理论是以短期利率作为货币政策工具而发展起来的一套新的理论,它体现了货币经济学家在货币政策领域内的新的尝试和努力。
Traditionally, theories on exchange rate determination are distinguished into two alternative approaches, one of which emphases on long-run analysis. The first one gradually evolved from the purchasing power parity, through the flexible price monetary model of monetarists, to the portfolio theory. 以往汇率的决定理论实际上可以区分为两种分析思路:一种是从长期分析出发,如从购买力平价开始,逐渐发展到货币主义价格灵活汇率决定理论,乃至资产组合理论的发展过程。