much

det.

pron.

1. （与不可数名词连用，尤用于否定句；或与how连用以询问数量；也可与as、so和too连用）许多，大量，多少
   used with uncountable nouns, especially in negative sentences to mean ‘a large amount of sth’, or after ‘how’ to ask about the amount of sth. It is also used with ‘as’, ‘so’ and ‘too’.
   1. I don't have much money with me.
      我没带多少钱。
   2. ‘Got any money?’ ‘ Not much .’
      “有钱吗？”“不太多。”
   3. How much water do you need?
      你要多少水？
   4. How much is it (= What does it cost) ?
      这东西多少钱？
   5. Take as much time as you like.
      你想花多少时间就花多少时间。
   6. There was so much traffic that we were an hour late.
      路上车辆那么多，我们迟到了一个小时。
   7. I've got far too much to do.
      我要做的事情太多了。
   8. I lay awake for much of the night.
      我大半夜都没睡着。
   9. There was much discussion about the reasons for the failure.
      就失败的原因进行了大量的讨论。

adv.

1. 非常；更加；很
   to a great degree
   1. Thank you very much for the flowers.
      非常感谢你的这些花。
   2. I would very much like to see you again.
      我很想再见到你。
   3. He isn't in the office much (= often) .
      他不怎么待在办公室。
   4. You worry too much .
      你过于担心了。
   5. My new job is much the same as the old one.
      我的新工作和旧工作差不多。
   6. Much to her surprise he came back the next day.
      让她非常吃惊的是他第二天就回来了。
   7. She's much better today.
      她今天好多了。
   8. The other one was much too expensive.
      另一个太贵了。
   9. Nikolai's English was much the worst .
      尼柯莱的英语糟糕透了。
   10. We are very much aware of the lack of food supplies.
       我们完全了解食物供应的缺乏。
   11. I'm not much good at tennis.
       我不太擅长打网球。
   12. He was much loved by all who knew him.
       认识他的人都很喜欢他。
   13. an appeal to raise much-needed cash
       筹集急需资金的呼吁

1. ADV-GRADED (表示行动、感情或变化的强烈程度，通常和 so，too，very 一起用于否定句中)很多，非常
   You use much to indicate the great intensity, extent, or degree of something such as an action, feeling, or change. Much is usually used with 'so', 'too', and 'very', and in negative clauses with this meaning.
   1. She laughs too much...
      她笑得太多了。
   2. Thank you very much...
      非常感谢。
   3. My hairstyle hasn't changed much since I was five.
      从5岁起，我的发型就一直没怎么变。
2. ADV-GRADED 经常;常常
   If something does not happen much, it does not happen very often.
   1. He said that his father never talked much about the war...
      他说他父亲从来不多谈那场战争。
   2. Gwen had not seen her Daddy all that much, because mostly he worked on the ships...
      格温一直不常见到她父亲，因为他大部分时间在船上工作。
   3. Do you get back East much?
      你经常回东部吗？
3. ADV-GRADED (置于比较级或 too 前，表示强调)太，很
   You use much in front of 'too' or comparative adjectives and adverbs in order to emphasize that there is a large amount of a particular quality.
   1. The skin is much too delicate...
      皮肤太娇嫩了。
   2. You'd be so much happier if you could see yourself the way I see you...
      如果你能像我看你那样看待自己，你会快乐得多。
   3. He had written to The Times and then, much more unacceptably, allowed himself to be interviewed on television.
      他已写信给《泰晤士报》了，更让人受不了的是居然后来还同意接受电视台采访。
4. ADV 很大程度上
   If one thing is much the same as another thing, it is very similar to it.
   1. The day ended much as it began...
      这一天的开始和结束几乎是一样的。
   2. Sheep's milk is produced in much the same way as goat's milk.
      绵羊奶和山羊奶的生产过程差不多。
5. DET 许多；大量
   You use much to indicate that you are referring to a large amount of a substance or thing.
   1. They are grown on the hillsides in full sun, without much water...
      它们被种植在阳光充足、土壤水分不多的山坡上。
   2. Japan has been reluctant to offer much aid to Russia...
      日本一直不愿意向俄罗斯提供太多的援助。
   3. The Home Office acknowledges that much crime goes unreported...
      内政部承认很多犯罪活动没有举报。
   4. Furniture is so bulky, it takes so much room.
      家具体积太大，占了太多空间。
   5. Much is also a pronoun.
      
   6. ...eating too much and drinking too much...
      大吃大喝
   7. There was so much to talk about.
      要说的太多。
   8. Much is also a quantifier.
      
   9. Much of the time we do not notice that we are solving problems...
      很多时候我们没意识到自己正在解决问题。
   10. She does much of her work abroad...
       她的工作大部分要在国外做。
   11. Her father had been a merchant seaman, absent for much of her childhood.
       她爸爸曾是商船船员，在她童年的大部分时光里都不在她身边。
6. ADV-GRADED (用于回答关于数量的提问)不多/不太多/太多
   You use much in expressions such as not much ,not very much, and too much when replying to questions about amounts.
   1. 'Can you hear it where you live?' He shook his head. 'Not much.'...
      “你住的地方听得到吗？”他摇摇头说：“很少听到。”
   2. 'Do you care very much about what other people think?' — 'Too much.'
      “你对别人的看法很在意吗？”——“太在意了。”
7. QUANT 常常;多次
   If you do not see much of someone, you do not see them very often.
   1. I don't see much of Tony nowadays...
      我现在见托尼的次数不多。
   2. We won't be seeing much of each other for a while.
      我们会有一段时间不常见面。
8. DET 多少(用于对数量的询问或说明)
   You use much in the expression how much to ask questions about amounts or degrees, and also in reported clauses and statements to give information about the amount or degree of something.
   1. How much money can I afford?...
      我能出得起多少钱？
   2. See just how much fat and cholesterol you're eating...
      看看你究竟摄入了多少脂肪和胆固醇。
   3. I'm always very aware of how much work there is still to be done...
      我一直很清楚还要做多少工作。
   4. Krock told this story to McCauley and asked him how much truth there was in it.
      克罗克把这件事告诉了麦考利，并问他此事有几分真实性。
   5. Much is also an adverb.
      
   6. She knows how much this upsets me but she persists in doing it...
      她知道这样会让我有多苦恼，但她坚持这样做。
   7. How much cooler will it get?
      天气会凉爽多少呢？
   8. Much is also a pronoun.
      
   9. How much do you earn?...
      你挣多少钱？
   10. Greg made a vague gesture to indicate how much.
       格雷格做了一个含糊的手势表示有多少。
9. DET (用于比较数量)同样多
   You use much in the expression as much when you are comparing amounts.
   1. I shall try, with as much patience as is possible, to explain yet again...
      我会尽可能耐心地试着再解释一遍。
   2. Their aim will be to produce as much milk as possible...
      他们的目标是尽可能提高牛奶产量。
   3. With an 18-watt fluorescent bulb you get as much light but use 75% less electricity.
      用18瓦的荧光灯灯泡有同样的亮度，而用电量却减少75％。

You should use much if you want to talk about things that cannot be counted. ...too much water. You only use many to talk about things that can be counted. They owned many cars
用 much 修饰不可数名词：too much water（太多水）;用 many 修饰可数名词：They owned many cars（他们有许多小汽车）。

10. PHR-CONJ-SUBORD 虽然;尽管
    You use much as to introduce a fact which makes something else you have just said or will say rather surprising.
    1. Much as they hope to go home tomorrow, they're resigned to staying on until the end of the year.
       虽然他们希望明天就回家，但还是准备耐心地继续呆到年底。
11. PHRASE 我想/ 我猜也是这样
    You use as much in expressions such as 'I thought as much' and 'I guessed as much' after you have just been told something and you want to say that you already believed or expected it to be true.
    1. You're waiting for a woman — I thought as much.
       你在等一位女士——我也这么想的。
12. PHRASE (置于数量前)多达
    You use as much as before an amount to suggest that it is surprisingly large.
    1. The organisers hope to raise as much as £6m for charity.
       组织者希望能募集到高达600万英镑的善款。
13. PHRASE 更不用说；更何况
    You use much less after a statement, often a negative one, to indicate that the statement is more true of the person, thing, or situation that you are going to mention next.
    1. They are always short of water to drink, much less to bathe in...
       他们的饮用水一直短缺，更别提洗澡水了。
    2. But we must not think of Chekhov as a leftist, much less a revolutionary.
       但是我们绝不应把契科夫看成是个左派人物，他更不是革命者。
14. PHRASE 没什么;不重要
    You say nothing much to refer to something that is not very interesting or important.
    1. 'What was stolen?' — 'Oh, nothing much.'...
       “什么被偷了？”——“噢，不是什么重要的东西。”
    2. Nothing much interesting seemed to be happening.
       看来不会发生什么有趣的事。
15. PHRASE 不太好的；称不上…的
    If you describe something as not much of a particular type of thing, you mean that it is small or of poor quality.
    1. It hasn't been much of a holiday...
       这简直不像是假日。
    2. It's not much of a career, you may think.
       你可能想这根本算不上是一份职业。
16. PHRASE 就讲这么多；到此为止
    So much for is used to indicate that you have finished talking about a subject.
    1. Well, so much for the producers. But what of the con-sumers?
       好吧，关于生产商就讲这么多，那关于消费者呢？
17. PHRASE 不过如此；没有益处
    If you say so much for a particular thing, you mean that it has not been successful or helpful.
    1. He has spent 19 million pounds, lost three cup finals and been relegated. So much for money.
       他已花了1,900万英镑，输掉了三场杯赛决赛，球队也降级了。钱也不是万能的。
18. PHRASE 与其说是…不如说是…
    If you say that something is not so much one thing as another, you mean that it is more like the second thing than the first.
    1. I don't really think of her as a daughter so much as a very good friend...
       与其说我把她当作女儿，不如说把她当作好朋友。
    2. She told me she was not so much leaving her job as it was leaving her.
       她告诉我，与其说是她辞了工作，不如说是工作辞了她。
19. PHRASE 甚至;竟然
    If you say that someone did not do so much as perform a particular action, you are emphasizing that they did not even do that, when you were expecting them to do more.
    1. I didn't so much as catch sight of him all day long...
       我一整天都没见他人影。
    2. Laura had not reproached him, never so much as mentioned it...
       劳拉没责备他，甚至提都没提那件事。
    3. She auctioned off the car without so much as taking a ride in it.
       她甚至都没怎么开过那辆车，就把它拍卖了。
20. PHRASE 太…以至于…
    You use so much so to indicate that your previous statement is true to a very great extent, and therefore it has the result mentioned.
    1. He himself believed in freedom, so much so that he would rather die than live without it.
       他非常崇尚自由，不自由，毋宁死。
21. PHRASE 非…力所能及的;非…应付得了的
    If a situation or action is too much for you, it is so difficult, tiring, or upsetting that you cannot cope with it.
    1. His inability to stay at one job for long had finally proved too much for her.
       他没有哪份工作能干长，这一点最终让她难以忍受。
22. PHRASE 非常;确实
    You use very much to emphasize that someone or something has a lot of a particular quality, or that the description you are about to give is particularly accurate.
    1. ...a man very much in charge of himself...
       自制力很强的人
    2. Yorkshire is still very much a farming community with good meat, good dairy produce and eggs...
       约克郡在很大程度上仍以农业为主，出产优质肉类、奶制品和蛋类。
    3. Something was very much the matter.
       确实出问题了。
23. a bit much → see: bit

1. She laughs too much
   她笑得太多了。
2. Thank you very much
   非常感谢。
3. He said that his father never talked much about the war
   他说他父亲从来不多谈那场战争。
4. Gwen had not seen her Daddy all that much, because mostly he worked on the ships
   格温一直不常见到她父亲，因为他大部分时间在船上工作。
5. Do you get back East much?
   你经常回东部吗？
6. The skin is much too delicate
   皮肤太娇嫩了。
7. You'd be so much happier if you could see yourself the way I see you
   如果你能像我看你那样看待自己，你会快乐得多。
8. He had written to The Times and then, much more unacceptably, allowed himself to be interviewed on television.
   他已写信给《泰晤士报》了，更让人受不了的是居然后来还同意接受电视台采访。
9. The day ended much as it began
   这一天的开始和结束几乎是一样的。
10. Sheep's milk is produced in much the same way as goat's milk.
    绵羊奶和山羊奶的生产过程差不多。
11. They are grown on the hillsides in full sun, without much water
    它们被种植在阳光充足、土壤水分不多的山坡上。
12. Japan has been reluctant to offer much aid to Russia
    日本一直不愿意向俄罗斯提供太多的援助。
13. 'Can you hear it where you live?' He shook his head. 'Not much.'
    “你住的地方听得到吗？”他摇摇头说：“很少听到。”
14. I don't see much of Tony nowadays
    我现在见托尼的次数不多。
15. How much money can I afford?
    我能出得起多少钱？
16. I shall try, with as much patience as is possible, to explain yet again
    我会尽可能耐心地试着再解释一遍。
17. Much as they hope to go home tomorrow, they're resigned to staying on until the end of the year.
    虽然他们希望明天就回家，但还是准备耐心地继续呆到年底。
18. You're waiting for a woman — I thought as much.
    你在等一位女士——我也这么想的。
19. The organisers hope to raise as much as £ 6m for charity.
    组织者希望能募集到高达600万英镑的善款。
20. They are always short of water to drink, much less to bathe in
    他们的饮用水一直短缺，更别提洗澡水了。
21. 'What was stolen?' — 'Oh, nothing much.'
    “什么被偷了？”——“噢，不是什么重要的东西。”
22. It hasn't been much of a holiday
    这简直不像是假日。
23. Well, so much for the producers. But what of the con-sumers?
    好吧，关于生产商就讲这么多，那关于消费者呢？
24. He has spent 19 million pounds, lost three cup finals and been relegated. So much for money.
    他已花了1,900万英镑，输掉了三场杯赛决赛，球队也降级了。钱也不是万能的。
25. I don't really think of her as a daughter so much as a very good friend
    与其说我把她当作女儿，不如说把她当作好朋友。
26. I didn't so much as catch sight of him all day long
    我一整天都没见他人影。
27. He himself believed in freedom, so much so that he would rather die than live without it.
    他非常崇尚自由，不自由，毋宁死。
28. His inability to stay at one job for long had finally proved too much for her.
    他没有哪份工作能干长，这一点最终让她难以忍受。
29. Yorkshire is still very much a farming community with good meat, good dairy produce and eggs
    约克郡在很大程度上仍以农业为主，出产优质肉类、奶制品和蛋类。

pron.

as much

• 一样；同等
  the same
  1. Please help me get this job─you know I would do as much for you.
     请帮我弄到这份工作——你知道我也会为你的事同样尽力。
  2. ‘Roger stole the money.’ ‘I thought as much .’
     “那钱是罗杰偷的。”“我也这么认为。”

as much as sb can do

• （表示难以做到）
  used to say that sth is difficult to do
  1. No dessert for me, thanks. It was as much as I could do to finish the main course.
     谢谢，别给我甜食了。我吃完这道主菜就不错了。

not much in it

• 没什么区别；差别不大
  used to say that there is little difference between two things
  1. I won, but there wasn't much in it (= our scores were nearly the same) .
     我赢了，但比分相差不大。

not much of a…

• 不是很好；不怎么样
  not a good…
  1. He's not much of a tennis player.
     他算不上网球好手。

this much

• （引出正面的或肯定的话）
  used to introduce sth positive or definite
  1. I'll say this much for him─he never leaves a piece of work unfinished.
     我要为他说句公道话——他从不半途而废。

adv.

much as

• 尽管；虽然
  although
  1. Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home.
     尽管我想留下来，但我确实必须回家。

even/much/still less

• 更不用说；更何况
  and certainly not
  1. No explanation was offered, still less an apology.
     连个解释都不给，就更不用说道歉了。

noun

1. a great amount or extent
   1. they did much for humanity

adv

1. (degree adverb used before a noun phrase) for all practical purposes but not completely
   1. much the same thing happened every time
   2. practically everything in Hinduism is the manifestation of a god

   Synonym:    practically

2. very
   1. he was much annoyed

3. to a great degree or extent
   1. she's much better now

4. to a very great degree or extent
   1. I feel a lot better
   2. we enjoyed ourselves very much
   3. she was very much interested
   4. this would help a great deal

   Synonym:    a lotlotsa good deala great dealvery much

5. frequently or in great quantities
   1. I don't drink much
   2. I don't travel much

   Synonym:    a great dealoften