not

adv.

1. （构成动词be、do和have及情态动词can或must等的否定形式，常缩略为n't）不，没有
   used to form the negative of the verbs be , do and have and modal verbs like can or must and often reduced to n't
   1. She did not/didn't see him.
      她没看见他。
   2. It's not/It isn't raining.
      没下雨。
   3. I can't see from here.
      我从这儿看不见。
   4. He must not go.
      他决不能走。
   5. Don't you eat meat?
      你不吃肉吗？
   6. It's cold, isn't it?
      很冷，是吧？
2. （否定后面的词或短语，或作否定的回答）不，没有
   used to give the following word or phrase a negative meaning, or to reply in the negative
   1. He warned me not to be late.
      他提醒我不要迟到。
   2. I was sorry not to have seen them.
      我很遗憾没有见到他们。
   3. Not everybody agrees.
      不是每一个人都同意。
   4. ‘Who's next?’ ‘Not me.’
      “下一位是谁？”“不是我。”
   5. ‘What did you do at school?’ ‘ Not a lot .’
      “你在学校干什么了？”“没做多少事。”
   6. It's not easy being a parent (= it's difficult) .
      为人父母真不容易啊。
3. （用于hope、expect、believe等动词后，作为否定的回答）不，没有
   used after hope , expect , believe , etc. to give a negative reply
   1. ‘Will she be there?’ ‘I hope not.’
      “她会在那儿吗？”“但愿不会。”
   2. ‘Is it ready?’ ‘I'm afraid not.’
      “准备好了吗？”“恐怕还没呢。”
   3. ‘Does he know?’ ‘I believe not.’
      “他知道吗？”“我想他不知道。”
4. （表示否定的可能性）否，或许不
   used to show a negative possibility
   1. I don't know if he's telling the truth or not.
      我不知道他是否说了真话。
5. （拒绝或不允许）不
   used to say that you do not want sth or will not allow sth
   1. ‘Some more?’ ‘Not for me, thanks.’
      “再来点儿吗？”“我不要了，谢谢。”
   2. ‘Can I throw this out?’ ‘Certainly not.’
      “我把这个扔了，行吗？”“当然不行。”

Not is often shortened to n't in spoken English, and added to the auxiliary or modal verb. For example, ‘did not’ is often shortened to ‘didn't’.
not在口语中常略作 n't，用在助动词或情态动词后，例如：did not 常略作 didn't。

1. NEG (与动词连用构成否定句)不，非，没有
   You use not with verbs to form negative statements.
   1. The sanctions are not working the way they were intended...
      制裁没有发挥预期的作用。
   2. I was not in Britain at the time...
      当时我不在英国。
   3. There are many things you won't understand here...
      这儿有很多事情是你无法理解的。
   4. I don't trust my father anymore.
      我再也不相信爸爸了。
2. NEG (构成期望得到肯定回答的疑问句)
   You use not to form questions to which you expect the answer 'yes'.
   1. Haven't they got enough problems there already?...
      难道他们那儿的问题还少吗？
   2. Didn't I see you at the party last week?...
      我在上周的聚会上见过你，对不对？
   3. Didn't you just love the Waltons?
      你难道不喜欢看《沃尔顿一家》吗？
3. NEG (通常以 n't 的形式出现在问句中，用于推断某人应已做某事或表示惊讶)
   You use not, usually in the form n't, in questions which imply that someone should have done something, or to express surprise that something is not the case.
   1. Why didn't you do it months ago?...
      几个月以前你为什么不做呢？
   2. Why couldn't he listen to her?...
      他为什么不能听她的呢？
   3. Hasn't anyone ever kissed you before?...
      以前从没有人吻过你吗？
   4. Shouldn't you have gone further?...
      你不是该更深入一步了吗？
   5. Didn't I tell you to put some slippers on?
      难道我没有告诉你要穿拖鞋吗？
4. NEG (通常用 n't 的形式，用于肯定陈述后的附加疑问句)是吗? 不是吗?
   You use not, usually in the form n't, in question tags after a positive statement.
   1. 'It's a nice piece of jewellery though, isn't it?'...
      “可这是一件漂亮的首饰，不是吗?”
   2. I've been a great husband, haven't I?...
      我一直是个很不错的丈夫，不是吗？
   3. You will take me tomorrow, won't you?
      你明天会带上我的，不是吗？
5. NEG (通常以 n't 的形式，表示礼貌的建议)
   You use not, usually in the form n't, in polite suggestions.
   1. Actually we do have a position in mind. Why don't you fill out our application?...
      实际上我们的确在考虑一个职位，你先填一下我们的求职表好吗？
   2. Couldn't they send it by train?
      他们不能用火车运过来吗？
6. NEG (用于表示对刚提及的单词、词组或从句的否定)不，没有
   You use not to represent the negative of a word, group, or clause that has just been used.
   1. 'Have you found Paula?'—'I'm afraid not, Kate.'...
      “你找到葆拉了吗？”——“很遗憾，没有，凯特。”
   2. At first I really didn't care whether he came or not.
      起先我真的不在乎他是否会来。
7. NEG (用于 all 或 every 前，表示部分否定)并非，不是
   You can use not in front of 'all' or 'every' when you want to say something that applies only to some members of the group that you are talking about.
   1. Not all the money, to put it mildly, has been used wisely...
      说得好听些，不是所有的钱都花得是地方。
   2. Not every applicant had a degree.
      不是所有的求职者都有学位。
8. NEG 并非(总是…)
   If something is not always the case, you mean that sometimes it is the case and sometimes it is not.
   1. He didn't always win the arguments, but he often was right...
      他并非在争辩中总是能赢，但他经常是对的。
   2. She couldn't always afford a babysitter...
      她并不是总能请得起临时保姆。
   3. The life of an FBI agent wasn't always as glamorous as people thought.
      美国联邦调查局特工的生活并非总像人们想象的那么刺激。
9. NEG (用于 a 或 one 前加强语气)(一个…)也不，(一个…)也没有
   You can use not or not even in front of 'a' or 'one' to emphasize that there is none at all of what is being mentioned.
   1. The houses are beautiful, but there's no shop, not even a pub to go into...
      这些房子很漂亮，但周围没有商店，甚至连一个酒馆都没有。
   2. I sent report after report. But not one word was published...
      我寄了一篇又一篇的报告，但一个字都没有发表。
   3. 'Did he have any enemies?' — 'Not a one. Not a damn one!'
      “他有什么仇人吗？”——“一个都没有，竟然找不出一个！”
10. NEG (用于表示距离、时间或其他数量的词前)不到，少于
    You can use not in front of a word referring to a distance, length of time, or other amount to say that the actual distance, time, or amount is less than the one mentioned.
    1. The tug crossed our stern not fifty yards away...
       拖船擦着我们的船尾开了过去，距离不到50码。
    2. ...a large crowd not ten yards away waiting for a bus...
       不到10码远的地方有一大群等公共汽车的人
    3. They were here not five minutes ago!
       他们不到5分钟前还在这儿！
11. NEG (用于对比真实和不真实的情况，尤用于可能使人产生误解的陈述)不是
    You use not when you are contrasting something that is true with something that is untrue. You use this especially to indicate that people might think that the untrue statement is true.
    1. He has his place in the Asian team not because he is white but because he is good...
       他在这支亚洲球队中占有一席之地，不是因为他是白人，而是因为他确实出色。
    2. Training is an investment not a cost...
       培训是一种投资，而不是花费。
    3. There came an explosion, not so much a bang as a shaking like an earthquake.
       发生了一次爆炸，没听到一声轰然巨响，倒像是地震那样地面猛晃了晃。
12. NEG (用于not only，not just, not simply 等短语中，强调某事物的真实性，但不是全部事实)
    You use not in expressions such as 'not only', 'not just', and 'not simply' to emphasize that something is true, but it is not the whole truth.
    1. These movies were not only making money; they were also perceived to be original...
       这些电影不仅赚钱，而且被视为具有原创性。
    2. There is always a 'black market' not just in Britain but in Europe as a whole...
       黑市一直存在，不只是在英国，整个欧洲也是。
    3. Hoffman did not simply oppose the system; he used the system against itself.
       霍夫曼不仅仅是反对这个体制，他还利用体制自身的漏洞对它进行攻击。
13. PHR-CONJ-SUBORD (用于引出否定从句)并不是说，并非
    You use not that to introduce a negative clause that contradicts something that the previous statement implies.
    1. His death took me a year to get over; not that you're ever really over it...
       我用一年时间慢慢接受了他去世的事实，但其实你永远不会真正完全忘掉。
    2. It occurred to Tom to wonder whether Jane was quite trustworthy. Not that he thought she was in any way politically active.
       汤姆突然想到简是不是值得信任，并不是说他认为简有些热衷于政治。
14. CONVENTION (用于表示强调)一点不，根本没有
    Not at all is an emphatic way of saying 'No' or of agreeing that the answer to a question is 'No'.
    1. 'Sorry. I sound like Abby, don't I?' — 'No. Not at all.'...
       “抱歉，我讲起话来像阿比，是不是？”——“不，一点不像。”
    2. 'You don't think that you've betrayed your country.' — 'No I don't. No, not at all.'
       “你认为你没有背叛自己的国家。”——“我没有，根本没有。”
15. CONVENTION 不用谢;别客气
    Not at all is a polite way of acknowledging a person's thanks.
    1. 'Thank you very much for speaking with us.' — 'Not at all.'
       “非常感谢您能和我们交谈。”——“不客气。”
16. not half → see: half

1. No, I'm not a student. I'm a doctor, actually
   不，我不是学生。实际上我是医生。
2. I already told you not to come over
   我已经告诉你别过来了。
3. That's normal, believe it or not.
   那很正常，信不信由你。
4. I'm not being boastful.
   我不是在吹牛。
5. He could not work in these conditions any longer
   他再也不能在这样的条件下工作了。
6. I am not a vain creature
   我不是个爱慕虚荣的人。
7. This was not optimism, it was delusion.
   这不是乐观，这是妄想。
8. I'm not going, and that's final.
   我不会去，这我已经决定了。
9. They have not finalized the deal with the government.
   他们还没有和政府达成最终交易。
10. The sanctions are not working the way they were intended
    制裁没有发挥预期的作用。
11. I was not in Britain at the time
    当时我不在英国。
12. 'Have you found Paula?' —'I'm afraid not, Kate. '
    “你找到葆拉了吗？”——“很遗憾，没有，凯特。”
13. At first I really didn't care whether he came or not.
    起先我真的不在乎他是否会来。
14. Not every applicant had a degree.
    不是所有的求职者都有学位。
15. The houses are beautiful, but there's no shop, not even a pub to go into
    这些房子很漂亮，但周围没有商店，甚至连一个酒馆都没有。
16. I sent report after report. But not one word was published
    我寄了一篇又一篇的报告，但一个字都没有发表。
17. 'Did he have any enemies?' — 'Not a one. Not a damn one!'
    “他有什么仇人吗？”——“一个都没有，竟然找不出一个！”
18. Training is an investment not a cost
    培训是一种投资，而不是花费。
19. There came an explosion, not so much a bang as a shaking like an earthquake.
    发生了一次爆炸，没听到一声轰然巨响，倒像是地震那样地面猛晃了晃。
20. These movies were not only making money; they were also perceived to be original
    这些电影不仅赚钱，而且被视为具有原创性。
21. There is always a 'black market' not just in Britain but in Europe as a whole
    黑市一直存在，不只是在英国，整个欧洲也是。
22. Hoffman did not simply oppose the system; he used the system against itself.
    霍夫曼不仅仅是反对这个体制，他还利用体制自身的漏洞对它进行攻击。
23. His death took me a year to get over; not that you're ever really over it
    我用一年时间慢慢接受了他去世的事实，但其实你永远不会真正完全忘掉。
24. It occurred to Tom to wonder whether Jane was quite trustworthy. Not that he thought she was in any way politically active.
    汤姆突然想到简是不是值得信任，并不是说他认为简有些热衷于政治。
25. 'Sorry. I sound like Abby, don't I?' — 'No. Not at all.'
    “抱歉，我讲起话来像阿比，是不是？”——“不，一点不像。”
26. 'You don't think that you've betrayed your country.' — 'No I don't. No, not at all.'
    “你认为你没有背叛自己的国家。”——“我没有，根本没有。”
27. 'Thank you very much for speaking with us.' — 'Not at all.'
    “非常感谢您能和我们交谈。”——“不客气。”

adv.

not a…

not one…

• （用于强调）一个也不，一件也没
  used for emphasis to mean ‘no thing or person’
  1. He didn't speak to me─not one word.
     他没跟我说话——一个字也没说。

not at all

• （礼貌地答谢或同意）别客气，没关系，没什么
  used to politely accept thanks or to agree to sth
  1. ‘Thanks a lot.’ ‘Not at all.’
     “非常感谢。”“不客气。”
  2. ‘Will it bother you if I smoke?’ ‘Not at all.’
     “我抽烟你介意吗？”“没关系。”

not only… (but) also…

• 不仅…而且…
  used to emphasize that sth else is also true
  1. She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations.
     她不仅写了正文部分，而且还挑选了插图。

not that

• 倒不是；并不是说
  used to state that you are not suggesting sth
  1. She hasn't written─not that she said she would.
     她还没写信来——倒不是她说过她要写。

adv

1. negation of a word or group of words
   1. he does not speak French
   2. she is not going
   3. they are not friends
   4. not many
   5. not much
   6. not at all

   Synonym:    non