proto-

combining form

1. 原始的；最初的
   original; from which others develop
   1. prototype
      原型
   2. proto-modernist painters
      原始现代派画家

1. PREFIX （用于构成形容词和名词）表示“最初的”，“原始的”
   Proto- is used to form adjectives and nouns which indicate that something is in the early stages of its development.
   1. ...the proto-fascist tendencies of some of its supporters.
      一些其支持者最初的法西斯倾向
   2. ...Albion, whose own legend stretches back to the mists of proto-history.
      阿尔比恩，关于其本身的传说可追溯到早期的茫茫历史中

1. Analysis of energy consumption for diversity transmission on ARQ Proto-cols in wireless sensor networks
   无线传感器网络中分集传输的ARQ协议能耗分析
2. Expression of C-Myc and Ras Proto-Oncogene in Keloid Tissue
   瘢痕疙瘩组织中c-myc、ras原癌基因的表达
3. Study of the Rhythm of Proto-oncogene c-fos
   原癌基因c-fos的生物节律研究
4. Several methods including vitrinite reflectance ( R_o), interval transit time and apatite fission track, are used to reconstruct the sedimentary thickness of Middle-Lower Triassic, and to plot the isopach map of the proto-type basin.
   应用镜质体反射率（Ro）法、声波时差法及磷灰石裂变径迹法等多种方法恢复了中下三叠统的沉积厚度，编制了原型盆地沉积等厚图。
5. Effects of Qiju Capsule on left ventricular hypertrophy and proto-oncogenes c-myc, N-ras in cardiomyocytes tissue of SHR
   杞菊胶囊对自发性高血压大鼠左室肥厚及心肌原癌基因c-myc、N-ras表达的影响
6. Proto-type of vertical rotational system is designed and made, which is made of SMB and passive permanent bearings.
   设计并制作了永磁轴承卸载、超导磁力轴承提供稳定的一个立轴旋转结构的模型。
7. In many early solutions, Internet Access Server must distinguish device communication protocols and group network datagram according to the detailed content of proto-cols.
   早期的解决方案要求Internet接入服务器能够识别设备的数据通信协议，并依据通信协议的内容来确定网络数据报的报文。
8. This article is given to introduce the adiabatic principle of vapour film, some of the experimental results, the performance of the proto-
   本文介绍了蒸汽膜绝热的原理，一些试验结果，根据上述试验结果设计成的样机性能以及它的优点。
9. The proto-differentiability of set-valued mappings in topological linear space is considered in this paper. Some relationships among the support function and indicator function of a convex set and their second-order epi-derivatives are given.
   本文研究集值映射的proto&导映射在拓扑线性空间中的存在性，凸集的支撑函数和表示函数与其二阶上图导数的联系。
10. They are formed in geodynamic tectonic surroundings of ancient island arc, usually oc-cured in the zone of ophiolitic formation and related with proto-plutonic granitoid rocks in genesis.
    它们形成于古岛弧的地动力学构造环境，一般位于蛇绿岩建造带中，成因上与原地型深成花岗岩类岩体有关。
11. This proto-col, which integrates the features of conventional TDM with those of polling techni-ques, has the adventages of making the system operating cycle and energy consuming time in substations shorter, and the communication controllers simpler.
    该协议综合了传统的时分复用（TDM）和查询（Polling）两种多址技术的特点，在缩短系统工作期和采集站能源消耗时间，以及简化通信控制设备方面，发挥出突出的优越性。
12. The slider of USM is consisted of two same vibrators in the proto-type, in which has double-contact surfaces drive, so high driving power can be obtained.
    样机利用两个相同振子组成一个动子，构成双接触面驱动，从而获得较大的驱动力。
13. The expression of the proto-on C ogene ( C-Kit) in most kinds of hematopathy
    c-kit在血液病中的表达
14. Objective: To study the expression of proto-oncogene c-met in human laryngeal carcinomas, and to explore the association between expression of c-met protein and clinical pathological differentiation, stages and lymph node status in laryngeal carcinomas.
    目的：研究原癌基因c-met蛋白在人类喉癌组织中的表达，探讨c-met的蛋白表达与喉癌的临床病理特征之间的关系。
15. Study on the Expression of Proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-H-ras, c-sis in Ovary and Testis of Kunming Mice
    原癌基因c-myc、c-H-ras、c-sis在小鼠卵巢和睾丸中的转录表达研究
16. The agricultural custom proto-institution of traditional and modern societies have an important impact on agricultural land property rights institution.
    农地习俗元制度对传统社会和现代社会中的农地产权制度均具有重要影响。
17. As a spontaneous internal institutional arrangements, custom proto-institution is not limited to the the custom economy, but there is widespread in the modern market economy.
    习俗元制度作为一种自发的内在制度安排，不仅存在于习俗经济之中，而且广泛存在于现代市场经济中。
18. The custom proto-institution of agricultural land practices has to be self-enforcing mechanism, there are two mechanisms at work: First, self-reinforcing mechanism. The second is a self-correcting mechanism, or as self-punishment mechanism.
    农地习俗元制度之所能够自我实施机制，有两种机制在起作用：一是自我强化机制，二是自我纠错机制或者称为自我惩罚机制。