The paper argues that as much as two-thirds of the gains from trade are eliminated due to the losses associated with these redistributions, and that this amounts to a serious problem. 该论文指出来自贸易大约有三分之二的收入由于再分配而消失,而这会造成很严重的问题。
The "post-keynesian economics", represented by British economist Joan Robinson, resolutely opposed these views, and advocated in theory to synthesize Keynesian economic theories and classical economics, and initiated in policy the income redistributions so as to mitigate the capitalist unfair distributions. 以英国经济学家琼·罗宾逊为代表的后凯恩斯经济学坚决反对这一做法,在理论上主张将凯恩斯经济理论和古典经济学综合起来,在政策上倡导实行收入再分配政策,以缓和资本主义的分配不公。
Using a modified shear-lag model taking into account the tensile force in the matrix, the stress redistributions induced by the fracture of some fibers and matrix elements for unidirectionally fiber-reinforced composites subjected to axial tension at cryogenic temperature were studied. 首先采用计及基体拉力的修正剪滞模型,研究了在低温情形下受纵向拉伸荷载作用的单向纤维增强复合材料由部分纤维及基体断裂所导致的应力重新分布。
On the basis of the knowledge of these stress redistributions, the tensile failure mechanism and strengths of notched cross-ply laminates were studied by using a micro-statistical fracture theory. Consequently, the relation between residual tensile strength and interfacial shear strength was obtained quantitatively. 在此基础上,采用细观统计破坏理论,研究了割口正交叠层板的拉伸破坏机理和强度,定量获得了残余拉伸强度与界面剪切强度的关系,所得结果与现有实验吻合较好。
Based on the model, the stress redistributions due to the failure of some fibers in an intraply hybrid composite under tension are analyzed. 基于此模型,分析了受拉伸的层内混杂复合材料中某些纤维断裂后的应力重分布。
The percentage of Pb, Zn, Ni in organic/ sulfide phase slightly descended but less than Cu, and the redistributions are different for three metals. Pb,Zn和Ni3种元素有机/硫化物结合态比例均略有下降,变化幅度小于Cu,并重新分配到不同的化学相中。
Electronic structure calculations suggest that adsorption of Nb_4 on Cu ( 100) surface causes significant charge redistributions between the surface Cu layer and the Nb_4 adsorbate leading to remarkable changes in the electronic structure of the copper surface. 电子结构的计算表明,在Nb4吸附后,Cu(100)表面与Nb4团簇间有明显的电荷重新分布,表面Cu原子的电子态密度也明显改变。
Taking a blank with quenched residual stress, and considering different pre-stretching conditions ( pre-stretching magnitude are 1%, 2% and 3%, respectively), some quenched-stress redistributions are obtained. 所以在获得淬火毛坯的基础上,又进行了毛坯拉伸消除残余应力的数值模拟与分析。模拟分析的预拉伸量分别为1%、2%、3%。
The Introduction of globally shadowed area greatly reduces data redistributions incurred by procedural calls. 全局阴影区优化技术的应用,大大减少了由过程调用引起的数据重分布。
A model of magnetic entropy conservation-based positive feedback in density redistributions of the magnetic particles in the ferrofluid is proposed for explaining this effect. 提出了基于磁熵守恒的磁流体中磁性粒子密度再分布正反馈模型来解释这一效应。
The defocused imaging model is greatly different from the traditional PSF model, which enables to uncover the blur nature of non-focus image: the continuous FRFT process lead to redistributions of magnitude and phase of image. FRFT散焦成像模型完全不同于传统的点传播模型PSF,它揭示了光学成像系统中散焦图像的模糊本质是在于连续FRFT过程导致图像的幅度、相位发生改变。
When one vertex fails, its loads will be directed to other normal vertices, which will then fail and cause further load redistributions if the new loads exceed their capacities. 当网络中某个节点发生故障时,它上面的流量将转向其他正常节点,而这些接受多余负载的节点又可能由于负载总和大于其容量而发生新的故障。