Resentment and anger are forms of self-punishment. 憎恨和生气是对自我的惩罚。
Voluntary self-punishment in order to atone for some wrongdoing. 为了弥补一些不正当的行为自愿进行的自我处罚。
The custom proto-institution of agricultural land practices has to be self-enforcing mechanism, there are two mechanisms at work: First, self-reinforcing mechanism. The second is a self-correcting mechanism, or as self-punishment mechanism. 农地习俗元制度之所能够自我实施机制,有两种机制在起作用:一是自我强化机制,二是自我纠错机制或者称为自我惩罚机制。