Organizations make themselves "more slimly and more scant" to answer a world-wide competition by the innovation of whittling down people and adopting new originality such as TQM and JIT. 组织回应全球性竞争的方式之一就是力图使自己变得“更纤细和更吝啬”:“规模削减”、“扁平化”的改革一浪高过一浪,TQM、JIT等新创意不断出现。