back

noun

身体部位 part of body

1. （人体或动物的）背部，背；腰背
   the part of the human body that is on the opposite side to the chest, between the neck and the tops of the legs; the part of an animal's body that corresponds to this
   1. Do you sleep on your back or your front?
      你睡觉是仰着还是趴着？
   2. He stood with his back to the door.
      他背对着门站着。
   3. They had their hands tied behind their backs.
      他们双手被反剪起来。
   4. back pain
      背痛
   5. a back massage
      背部按摩
   6. A small boy rode on the elephant's back.
      一个小男孩骑在大象背上。
2. 脊柱；脊梁骨
   the row of bones in the middle of the back
   1. She broke her back in a riding accident.
      她在一次骑马事故中摔断了脊梁骨。
   2. He put his back out (= dislocated sth in his back) lifting the crates.
      他搬大木箱时脊椎脱了臼。

后部 part furthest from front

3. 后部；后面；末尾
   the part or area of sth that is furthest from the front
   1. We could only get seats at the back (= of the room) .
      我们只能找到后排的座位。
   2. I found some old photos at the back of the drawer.
      我从抽屉尽里头找到一些旧照片。
   3. He was shot in the back of the knee.
      他被子弹击中了腘窝。
   4. The house has three bedrooms at the front and two at the back .
      房屋正面有三间卧室，后面两间。
   5. There's room for three people in the back .
      后排有可容三人的空位。
   6. There's room for three people in back .
      后排有可容三人的空位。
   7. If you'd like to come round the back (= to the area behind the house) , I'll show you the garden.
      请到屋子后面看看花园。

纸张 of piece of paper

4. （文件等的）背面
   the part of a piece of paper, etc. that is on the opposite side to the one that has information or the most important information on it
   1. Write your name on the back of the cheque.
      把你的名字写在支票背面。

书刊 of book

5. （书等的）最后几页，末尾
   the last few pages of a book, etc.
   1. The television guide is at the back of the paper.
      电视节目指南在报纸的末尾。

椅子 of chair

6. （椅子等的）靠背
   the part of a chair, etc. against which you lean your back

靠背 -backed

7. （家具）…靠背的
   used to describe furniture which has the type of back mentioned
   1. a high-backed sofa
      高靠背沙发

体育运动 in sport

8. 后卫
   a player whose main role is to defend their team's goal

adj.

后面 away from front

1. 背后的；后面的；后部的
   located behind or at the back of sth
   1. We were sitting in the back row.
      我们坐在后排。
   2. back teeth
      臼齿
   3. a back room (= one at the back of a building)
      后室（位于建筑物后部）
   4. the back page of a newspaper
      报纸最末一页

过去 from past

2. 过去的；旧时的
   of or from a past time
   1. a back number of the magazine
      一份过期杂志

拖欠 owed

3. 到期未付的；拖欠的
   owed for a time in the past
   1. back pay/taxes/rent
      欠薪 / 税 / 租金

语音 phonetics

4. 舌后的，后位性的（舌高点位于口腔后部发音）
   produced with the back of the tongue in a higher position than the front, for example /ɑː/ in English

adv.

后面 away from front

1. 向后；在后；在背面
   away from the front or centre; behind you
   1. I stepped back to let them pass.
      我退后一步给他们让路。
   2. Sit back and relax.
      靠椅背坐好，放松放松。
   3. You've combed your hair back.
      你把头发往后梳了。
   4. He turned and looked back.
      他转身向后望。
   5. She fell back towards the end of the race.
      赛跑快结束时她落后了。

距离 at a distance

2. 与（某物）有距离
   at a distance away from sth
   1. The barriers kept the crowd back.
      障碍物拦住了人群。
   2. Stand back and give me some room.
      站远点儿，给我腾出些地方。

受控制 under control

3. 控制住；忍住
   under control; prevented from being expressed or coming out
   1. He could no longer hold back his tears.
      他再也无法控制住眼泪。

像先前 as before

4. 回原处；恢复原状
   to or into the place, condition, situation or activity where sb/sth was before
   1. Put the book back on the shelf.
      把书放回书架上。
   2. Please give me my ball back.
      请把我的球还给我。
   3. He'll be back on Monday.
      他星期一会回来。
   4. It takes me an hour to walk there and back .
      我步行往返要花一个小时。
   5. Could you go back to the beginning of the story?
      你能不能回到故事的开头？
   6. She woke up briefly and then went back to sleep.
      她醒了片刻又睡了。
   7. We were right back where we started , only this time without any money.
      我们回到了起点，只是这次一点钱也没有。

过去 in past

5. 以前
   in or into the past; ago
   1. The village has a history going back to the Middle Ages.
      这个村子的历史可追溯至中世纪。
   2. She left back in November.
      她十一月份已经离开了。
   3. That was a few years back.
      那是几年以前的事。

在原处 at a previous place

6. 在曾去过（或提到过）的地方；在前面
   at a place previously left or mentioned
   1. We should have turned left five kilometres back.
      我们在五公里之前就该左拐的。
   2. Back at home, her parents were worried.
      在家中，她的父母很担心。
   3. I can't wait to get back home.
      我急不可待想赶回家。

回应 in return

7. 回报；回答
   in return or reply
   1. If he kicks me, I'll kick him back.
      他要是踢我，我就踢他。
   2. Could you call back later, please?
      请稍后再打电话来好吗？

verb

后退 move backwards

1. （使）后退，倒退
   to move or make sth move backwards
   1. He backed against the wall, terrified.
      他退到墙边，惊恐万分。
   2. If you can't drive in forwards, try backing it in.
      若不能开车正面驶入，不妨倒车进去。

支持 support

2. 帮助；支持
   to give help or support to sb/sth
   1. Her parents backed her in her choice of career.
      她父母支持她的职业选择。
   2. Doctors have backed plans to raise the tax on cigarettes.
      医生们对提高烟草税计划给予了支持。
   3. The programme of economic reform is backed (= given financial support) by foreign aid.
      经济改革计划得到外资援助。
   4. a United Nations-backed peace plan
      得到联合国支持的和平计划

下赌注 bet money

3. 下赌注于（赛马、参赛队伍等）
   to bet money on a horse in a race, a team in a competition, etc.
   1. I backed the winner and won fifty pounds.
      我押对了赌注，赢了五十英镑。

音乐 music

4. 伴奏；伴唱
   to play or sing music that supports the main singer or instrument

覆盖背面 cover back

5. （用某物）在…背后加固，给…加背衬
   to cover the back of sth in order to support or protect it

在后面 be behind

6. 位于（某物）的后面
   to be located behind sth
   1. The house is backed by fields.
      房子的后面是田野。

ADVERB USES 副词用法

In addition to the uses shown below, back is also used in phrasal verbs such as ‘date back’ and ‘fall back on’.
除下列用法外，back还可用于date back, fall back on 等短语动词中。

1. ADV 向后；往后；往回
   If you move back, you move in the opposite direction to the one in which you are facing or in which you were moving before.
   1. The photographers drew back to let us view the body...
      摄影师往后退开，好让我们查看尸体。
   2. She stepped back from the door expectantly...
      她满怀期待地从门口退了回来。
   3. He pushed her away and she fell back on the wooden bench...
      他把她推开，她向后跌坐到长木椅上。
   4. She pushes back her chair and stands.
      她把椅子往后一推，站了起来。
2. ADV 回到原处
   If you go back somewhere, you return to where you were before.
   1. I went back to bed...
      我回到床上。
   2. I'm due back in London by late afternoon...
      我预计下午晚些时候回到伦敦。
   3. Smith changed his mind and moved back home...
      史密斯改变主意，搬回家了。
   4. I'll be back as soon as I can...
      我会尽快回来。
   5. He made a round-trip to the terminal and back.
      他到了终点，又折回来。
3. ADV 恢复原状；回到原来的状态
   If someone or something is back in a particular state, they were in that state before and are now in it again.
   1. The rail company said it expected services to get slowly back to normal...
      铁路公司表示，其运输服务将慢慢恢复正常。
   2. Denise hopes to be back at work by the time her daughter is one...
      丹尼丝希望等女儿满周岁就回去工作。
   3. Having recently bought an old typewriter, I am now trying to bring it back into working order.
      我刚买了一台旧打字机，正想办法让它能够重新正常工作。
4. ADV 归还；交还；放回；收回
   If you give or put something back, you return it to the person who had it or to the place where it was before you took it. If you get or take something back, you then have it again after not having it for a while.
   1. She handed the knife back...
      她递还刀子。
   2. Put it back in the freezer...
      把它放回冰箱。
   3. You'll get your money back.
      钱会还给你的。
5. （将钟表）拨回
   If you put a clock or watch back, you change the time shown on it so that it shows an earlier time, for example when the time changes to winter time or standard time.
6. ADV 回应（来信、电话、目光等）
   If you write or call back, you write to or telephone someone after they have written to or telephoned you. If you look back at someone, you look at them after they have started looking at you.
   1. They wrote back to me and they told me that I didn't have to do it...
      他们回信告诉我说不必那么做。
   2. If the phone rings say you'll call back after dinner...
      如果有电话打来，就说你吃完饭再回电话。
   3. Lee looked at Theodora. She stared back.
      李看着西奥多拉，她也回视着他。
7. ADV 回到（某个话题）
   You can say that you go or come back to a particular point in a conversation to show that you are mentioning or discussing it again.
   1. Can I come back to the question of policing once again?...
      我能再回到维护治安的问题上来吗？
   2. To come back to what I said in the Introduction, in the nineteenth century Spain was fully a part of Europe...
      回到我在导言中所说的，19世纪的西班牙是欧洲整体的一部分。
   3. Going back to the school, how many staff are there?
      回到学校这话题上来，教职员工有多少人？
8. ADV 再次流行；再度成为潮流
   If something is or comes back, it is fashionable again after it has been unfashionable for some time.
   1. Short skirts are back...
      短裙又流行起来了。
   2. Consensus politics could easily come back into fashion.
      共识政治很可能再度兴起。
9. ADV 在一段距离之外
   If someone or something is kept or situated back from a place, they are at a distance away from it.
   1. Keep back from the edge of the platform...
      请勿靠近站台边缘。
   2. I'm a few miles back from the border...
      我距离边境数英里。
   3. He started for Dot's bedroom and Myrtle held him back.
      他正要去多特的卧室，被默特尔拦住了。
10. ADV 收拢；拢起；束起
    If something is held or tied back, it is held or tied so that it does not hang loosely over something.
    1. Her hair was tied back...
       她的头发扎了起来。
    2. The curtains were held back by tassels.
       窗帘用穗子拢了起来。
11. ADV （舒适地）向后仰
    If you lie or sit back, you move your body backwards into a relaxed sloping or flat position, with your head and body resting on something.
    1. She lay back and stared at the ceiling...
       她躺下盯着天花板。
    2. She leaned back in her chair and smiled.
       她靠在椅背上，微笑起来。
12. ADV 回头，转身（看或喊）
    If you look or shout back at someone or something, you turn to look or shout at them when they are behind you.
    1. Nick looked back over his shoulder and then stopped, frowning...
       尼克回头看了看，又皱着眉头停了下来。
    2. He called back to her.
       他转身叫她。
13. ADV （表示描述场所的转换）在曾提到过的地方
    You use back in expressions like back in London or back at the house when you are giving an account, to show that you are going to start talking about what happened or was happening in the place you mention.
    1. Meanwhile, back in London, Palace Pictures was collapsing...
       与此同时，伦敦的皇宫影业公司也正在分崩离析。
    2. Later, back at home, the telephone rang.
       随后，家里的电话响了。
14. ADV 以前；过去；追溯至
    If you talk about something that happened back in the past or several years back, you are emphasizing that it happened quite a long time ago.
    1. The story starts back in 1950, when I was five...
       故事可以追溯到1950年，那时我才5岁。
    2. I was in St. Lucia back in January of this year...
       今年1月份我在圣卢西亚。
    3. He contributed £50m to the project a few years back.
       几年前，他向这个项目捐资了5,000万英镑。
15. ADV 回想；回忆
    If you think back to something that happened in the past, you remember it or try to remember it.
    1. I thought back to the time in 1975 when my son was desperately ill...
       我回想起1975年我儿子病得奄奄一息的那段时间。
    2. My mind flew back to stories I had heard about Vinnie.
       我回想起曾听到过的关于文妮的那些传闻。
16. PHRASE 来回；往返
    If someone moves back and forth, they repeatedly move in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
    1. He paced back and forth...
       他来回踱步。
    2. Two boys were in the street, tossing a baseball back and forth.
       两个男孩在街上来来回回地投接棒球。
17. to cast your mind back → see: mind

NOUN AND ADJECTIVE USES 名词和形容词用法

1. N-COUNT 背（部）；后背；脊背
   A person's or animal's back is the part of their body between their head and their legs that is on the opposite side to their chest and stomach.
   1. Her son was lying peacefully on his back...
      她儿子安静地仰面躺着。
   2. She turned her back to the audience...
      她转过身背对着观众。
   3. Three of the victims were shot in the back...
      其中三名受害者背部中枪。
   4. He threw the old cloth saddle across the donkey's back.
      他把旧布鞍搭在驴背上。
2. N-COUNT 后面；后部
   The back of something is the side or part of it that is towards the rear or farthest from the front. The back of something is normally not used or seen as much as the front.
   1. ...a room at the back of the shop...
      商店后部的一个房间
   2. She raised her hands to the back of her neck...
      她举起双手放于颈后。
   3. Smooth the mixture with the back of a soup spoon...
      用汤勺的背面把混合料抹平。
   4. Her room was on the third floor, at the back.
      她的房间在三楼靠后的位置。
3. ADJ 后面的；后部的
   Back is used to refer to the side or part of something that is towards the rear or farthest from the front.
   1. He opened the back door...
      他打开了后门。
   2. Ann could remember sitting in the back seat of their car.
      安记得自己坐在他们车的后座上。
   3. ...the back room of a pub in Camden.
      在卡姆登的一个酒吧后面的房间
   4. ...the path leading to the back garden.
      通往后花园的小径
4. N-COUNT （椅子或沙发的）靠背
   The back of a chair or sofa is the part that you lean against when you sit on it.
   1. There was a neatly folded pink sweater on the back of the chair.
      椅子的靠背上搭着一件叠得整整齐齐的粉色毛衫。
5. N-COUNT （纸、信封等的）反面，背面
   The back of something such as a piece of paper or an envelope is the side which is less important.
   1. Send your answers on the back of a postcard.
      将答案写在明信片背面寄出。
6. N-COUNT （书等的）末尾
   The back of a book is the part nearest the end, where you can find the index or the notes, for example.
   1. ...the index at the back of the book...
      书末索引
   2. You've given a whole list of names and addresses at the back.
      你已经在末尾完整地列出了名字和地址。
7. N-SING （用于round the back, out the back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域
   You can use back in expressions such as round the back and out the back to refer generally to the area behind a house or other building.
   1. He had chickens and things round the back...
      他在房子后面养了些鸡啊什么的。
   2. The privy's out the back.
      厕所在房子后面。
8. N-UNCOUNT （用于out back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域；（用于in back等表达方式中）汽车（或建筑物等）的后部
   You use back in expressions such as out back to refer to the area behind a house or other building. You also use in back to refer to the rear part of something, especially a car or building.
   1. Dan informed her that he would be out back on the patio cleaning his shoes...
      丹告诉她说他要去房子后面的露台上擦鞋。
   2. Catlett got behind the wheel and I sat in back...
      卡特利特开车，我坐在车子后面。
   3. She hurried to the kitchen in back of the store.
      她赶紧进到商店后面的厨房。
9. （足球、曲棍球等运动中的）后卫
   In team games such as football and hockey, a back is a player who is concerned mainly with preventing the other team from scoring goals, rather than scoring goals for their own team.
10. （美式橄榄球运动中的）进攻后卫
    In American football, a back is a player who stands behind the front line, runs with the ball and attacks rather than defends.
11. PHRASE 背着（某人）
    If you say that something was done behind someone's back, you disapprove of it because it was done without them knowing about it, in an unfair or dishonest way.
    1. You eat her food, enjoy her hospitality and then criticize her behind her back.
       你吃着她的食物，享受着她的款待，然后还在背地里指责她。
12. PHRASE 完成…最困难的部分
    If you break the back of a task or problem, you do the most difficult part of what is necessary to complete the task or solve the problem.
    1. It seems at least that we've broken the back of inflation in this country...
       看起来至少我们已经解决了这个国家通货膨胀中最棘手的问题。
    2. We can deliver supplies and work to break the back of the famine.
       我们可以运送物资，努力解决饥荒中最关键的问题。
13. PHRASE 接连地；连续地
    If two or more things are done back to back, one follows immediately after the other without any interruption.
    1. ...two half-hour shows, which will be screened back to back.
       连续播放的两档半小时节目
14. PHRASE （衣服）前后穿反；（顺序）前后颠倒
    If you are wearing something back to front, you are wearing it with the back of it at the front of your body. If you do something back to front, you do it the wrong way around, starting with the part that should come last.
    1. He wears his baseball cap back to front...
       他把棒球帽反戴着。
    2. The picture was printed back to front.
       图片印反了。

in AM, use 美国英语用 backward


15. PHRASE 不再（对某人）批评（或施压等）
    If you tell someone to get off your back you are telling them angrily to stop criticizing you or putting pressure on you.
    1. He kept on at me to such an extent that occasionally I wished he would get off my back.
       他一直对我唠叨个没完，有时我真希望他不要再烦我了。
16. PHRASE 紧跟着；紧接着
    If you say that one thing happens on the back of another thing, you mean that it happens after that other thing and in addition to it.
    1. The cuts, if approved, come on the back of a difficult eight years that have seen three London fire stations closed.
       8年的艰难时期刚刚过去，在此期间，伦敦有3家消防站遭关闭。如获批准，裁减又会接踵而至。
17. PHRASE （使）受到威胁；（使）处于不利地位
    If someone is on the back foot, or if something puts them on the back foot, they feel threatened and act defensively.
    1. From now on Labour will be on the back foot on the subject of welfare.
       今后工党在福利问题上将处于下风。
    2. ...another scheme designed purely to put the Scots Nationalists on the back foot.
       另一项纯粹旨在让苏格兰民族党人被迫退居守势的计划
18. 互相帮助；与人方便，与己方便
    People say 'You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours' to mean that one person helps another on condition that the second person helps them in return.
19. PHRASE 希望（某人）离开
    If you say that you will be glad to see the back of someone, you mean that you want them to leave.
    1. I was so badly behaved I was convinced she would be glad to see the back of me.
       我的表现如此差劲，相信她会很高兴看到我离开。
20. PHRASE 忽略；背弃；拒绝；对…不予理睬
    If you turn your back on someone or something, you ignore them, leave them, or reject them.
    1. Stacey Lattisaw has turned her back on her singing career with Motown Records to become a gospel singer...
       斯泰茜·拉蒂索抛弃了自己在摩城唱片公司的演唱事业，成为了一名福音歌手。
    2. Gunnell is not the sort to turn her back on someone who has coached her for 12 years.
       冈内尔不是那种将指导了自己12年的教练拒之门外的人。
21. PHRASE 使生气；触怒；惹恼
    If someone or something puts your back up or gets your back up, they annoy you.
    1. Some food labelling practices really get my back up.
       有些食物标签的贴法实在让我生气。
22. off the back of a lorry → see: lorry

VERB USES 动词用法

1. VERB 背对；背向；背朝
   If a building backs onto something, the back of it faces in the direction of that thing or touches the edge of that thing.
   1. We live in a ground floor flat which backs onto a busy street...
      我们住在一楼的一套公寓房里，背对着一条繁忙的街道。
   2. His garden backs onto a school.
      他的花园背朝一所学校。
2. V-ERG 倒（车）；倒退
   When you back a car or other vehicle somewhere or when it backs somewhere, it moves backwards.
   1. He backed his car out of the drive...
      他把车倒出了私人车道。
   2. The train backed out of Adelaide Yard on to the Dublin-Belfast line...
      火车倒出了阿德莱德调车场，开上了都柏林-贝尔法斯特线。
   3. I heard the engines revving as the lorries backed and turned.
      卡车倒车和掉头的时候，我听见发动机的轰鸣声。
3. VERB 支持；资助
   If you back a person or a course of action, you support them, for example by voting for them or giving them money.
   1. There is a new witness to back his claim that he is a victim of mistaken identity.
      有新的目击证人证明他的说法，他是被错认了。
   2. ...if France cannot persuade all five permanent members of the Security Council to back the plan...
      如果法国不能说服安理会五个常任理事国都支持该计划
   3. The Prime Minister is backed by the civic movement, Public Against Violence.
      首相得到“全民反暴力”公民运动的支持。
4. VERB 预测…获胜；（通常指）下赌注于
   If you back a particular person, team, or horse in a competition, you predict that they will win, and usually you bet money that they will win.
   1. Roland Nilsson last night backed Sheffield Wednesday to win the UEFA Cup...
      昨晚罗兰·尼尔森打赌谢菲尔德周三队会捧得欧洲联盟杯。
   2. The horse's owner Mr Hitchins backed him at 200-1 to finish in the first three...
      马的主人希钦斯先生以200比1的赔率赌它获得前三名。
   3. It is upsetting to discover that you have backed a loser.
      发现自己的投注对象输了是一件让人心烦的事。
5. VERB 为…伴奏（或伴唱）
   If a singer is backed by a band or by other singers, they provide the musical background for the singer.
   1. She was backed by acoustic guitar, bass and congas.
      原声吉他、贝斯和康茄鼓为她伴奏。
6. See also: backing

1. The photographers drew back to let us view the body
   摄影师往后退开，好让我们查看尸体。
2. I went back to bed
   我回到床上。
3. The rail company said it expected services to get slowly back to normal
   铁路公司表示，其运输服务将慢慢恢复正常。
4. She handed the knife back
   她递还刀子。
5. They wrote back to me and they told me that I didn't have to do it
   他们回信告诉我说不必那么做。
6. Can I come back to the question of policing once again?
   我能再回到维护治安的问题上来吗？
7. Short skirts are back
   短裙又流行起来了。
8. Her hair was tied back
   她的头发扎了起来。
9. She lay back and stared at the ceiling
   她躺下盯着天花板。
10. Nick looked back over his shoulder and then stopped, frowning
    尼克回头看了看，又皱着眉头停了下来。
11. Meanwhile, back in London, Palace Pictures was collapsing
    与此同时，伦敦的皇宫影业公司也正在分崩离析。
12. He paced back and forth
    他来回踱步。
13. Her son was lying peacefully on his back
    她儿子安静地仰面躺着。
14. She raised her hands to the back of her neck
    她举起双手放于颈后。
15. He opened the back door
    他打开了后门。
16. There was a neatly folded pink sweater on the back of the chair.
    椅子的靠背上搭着一件叠得整整齐齐的粉色毛衫。
17. Send your answers on the back of a postcard.
    将答案写在明信片背面寄出。
18. You've given a whole list of names and addresses at the back.
    你已经在末尾完整地列出了名字和地址。
19. He had chickens and things round the back
    他在房子后面养了些鸡啊什么的。
20. Dan informed her that he would be out back on the patio cleaning his shoes
    丹告诉她说他要去房子后面的露台上擦鞋。
21. You eat her food, enjoy her hospitality and then criticize her behind her back.
    你吃着她的食物，享受着她的款待，然后还在背地里指责她。
22. It seems at least that we've broken the back of inflation in this country
    看起来至少我们已经解决了这个国家通货膨胀中最棘手的问题。
23. He wears his baseball cap back to front
    他把棒球帽反戴着。
24. He kept on at me to such an extent that occasionally I wished he would get off my back.
    他一直对我唠叨个没完，有时我真希望他不要再烦我了。
25. The cuts, if approved, come on the back of a difficult eight years that have seen three London fire stations closed.
    8年的艰难时期刚刚过去，在此期间，伦敦有3家消防站遭关闭。如获批准，裁减又会接踵而至。
26. From now on Labour will be on the back foot on the subject of welfare.
    今后工党在福利问题上将处于下风。
27. I was so badly behaved I was convinced she would be glad to see the back of me.
    我的表现如此差劲，相信她会很高兴看到我离开。
28. Stacey Lattisaw has turned her back on her singing career with Motown Records to become a gospel singer
    斯泰茜·拉蒂索抛弃了自己在摩城唱片公司的演唱事业，成为了一名福音歌手。

  back rear【导航词义：后面】

  back n. 后面

〔辨析〕普通用词，指与“前面”相对的背面、后面，如人体、衣服等的背部，或建筑物等的后面、后部。

  rear n. 〈正式〉后面，后部

〔辨析〕指物体、车辆、建筑物或位置的后面，常用于 at/to the rear (of sth)结构。

  support back uphold【导航词义：支持】

  support v. 支持

〔辨析〕含义广泛，多指在道义或物质上支持某人或某项事业。

  back v. 支持，资助

〔辨析〕尤指以金钱、影响力等对某人或某事物给予支持。

  uphold v. 支持，维护

〔辨析〕较正式用词，指在道义、行动等方面给予某人或某事物以支持。

back away (from sb/sth)

1. 躲避（可怕或讨厌的人或事物）；避免（做讨厌的事）；退避
   to move away backwards from sb/sth that is frightening or unpleasant; to avoid doing sth that is unpleasant

back down (on/from sth)

1. 放弃（别人强烈反对的要求、主张等）；认输
   to take back a demand, an opinion, etc. that other people are strongly opposed to; to admit defeat
   1. She broke her back in a riding accident.
      她在一次骑马事故中摔断了脊梁骨。
   2. He put his back out (= dislocated sth in his back) lifting the crates.
      他搬大木箱时脊椎脱了臼。

back off

1. 退缩，退却（以躲避可怕或讨厌的人或事物）
   to move backwards in order to get away from sb/sth frightening or unpleasant
   1. We could only get seats at the back (= of the room) .
      我们只能找到后排的座位。
   2. I found some old photos at the back of the drawer.
      我从抽屉尽里头找到一些旧照片。
   3. He was shot in the back of the knee.
      他被子弹击中了腘窝。
   4. The house has three bedrooms at the front and two at the back .
      房屋正面有三间卧室，后面两间。
   5. There's room for three people in the back .
      后排有可容三人的空位。
   6. There's room for three people in back .
      后排有可容三人的空位。
   7. If you'd like to come round the back (= to the area behind the house) , I'll show you the garden.
      请到屋子后面看看花园。
2. 停止威胁（或批评、骚扰）
   to stop threatening, criticizing or annoying sb

back off (from sth)

1. 放弃（采取行动）；退让
   to choose not to take action, in order to avoid a difficult situation

back onto sth

1. 背向；背靠
   to have sth directly behind it

back out (of sth)

1. 退出；撒手
   to decide that you are no longer going to take part in sth that has been agreed

back up

back sth↔up

1. 后退；倒（车）
   to move backwards, especially in a vehicle

back sb/sth↔up

1. 支持；证实（某人所言）
   to support sb/sth; to say that what sb says, etc. is true
2. 支持；支援
   to provide support for sb/sth
   1. We were sitting in the back row.
      我们坐在后排。
   2. back teeth
      臼齿
   3. a back room (= one at the back of a building)
      后室（位于建筑物后部）
   4. the back page of a newspaper
      报纸最末一页

back sth↔up

1. 给（文件、程序等）做备份；备份
   to prepare a second copy of a file, program, etc. that can be used if the main one fails or needs extra support
   1. a back number of the magazine
      一份过期杂志

n.

at/in the back of your mind

• 在潜意识里；依稀记得
  if a thought, etc. is at the back of your mind , you are aware of it but it is not what you are mainly thinking about

the back of beyond

• 偏僻地方；边远地区
  a place that is a long way from other houses, towns, etc.

back to back

• 背靠背；背对背
  if two people stand back to back , they stand with their backs facing or touching each other
• 接连地；接二连三
  if two or more things happen back to back , they happen one after the other

back to front

• （衣服）前后颠倒（或前后穿反）
  if you put on a piece of clothing back to front , you make a mistake and put the back where the front should be
  1. I think you've got that sweater on back to front.
     我觉得你把毛衣前后穿反了。

be glad, etc. to see the back of sb/sth

• 庆幸终于摆脱（不喜欢的人或事物）
  to be happy that you will not have to deal with or see sb/sth again because you do not like them or it
  1. Was I pleased to see the back of her!
     真高兴不会再见到她了！

behind sb's back

• 背着某人；背地里；私下
  without sb's knowledge or permission
  1. Have you been talking about me behind my back?
     你们是不是在背后说我的闲话？
  2. They went ahead and sold it behind my back.
     他们径自背着我把它卖了。

be on sb's back

• 缠磨；烦扰
  to keep asking or telling sb to do sth that they do not want to do, in a way that they find annoying

break the back of sth

• 完成（任务等）的主要部分
  to finish the largest or most important part of a task

get/put sb's back up

• 惹恼
  to annoy sb
  1. That sort of attitude really gets my back up!
     那种态度实在叫我恼火！

get off sb's back

• 不再烦扰某人（如停止批评或缠磨等）
  to stop annoying sb, for example by criticizing them, or asking them to do sth
  1. Just get off my back, will you!
     请别烦我了好吗！

have your back to the wall

• 处于背水一战的境地；没有退路
  to be in a difficult situation in which you are forced to do sth but are unable to make the choices that you would like

off the back of a lorry

• （指货物等）来路不明
  goods that fell off the back of a lorry were probably stolen. People say or accept that they came off the back of a lorry to avoid saying or asking where they really came from.

on the back of sth

• 由于（某项成就）
  as a result of an achievement or a success
  1. The profits growth came on the back of a 26 per cent rise in sales.
     利润增长来自26%的销售额增长。

(flat) on your back

• 因病卧床；卧病
  in bed because you are ill/sick
  1. She's been flat on her back for over a week now.
     她卧病有一个多星期了。
  2. The UK market was flat on its back (= business was very bad) .
     （当时）英国的市场十分不景气。

put your back into sth

• 全力以赴
  to use a lot of effort and energy on a particular task

turn your back

• 扭头；转身
  to turn so that you are facing in the opposite direction

turn your back on sb/sth

• 转身背对某人（或某物）
  to move so that you are standing or sitting with your back facing sb/sth
  1. When on stage, try not to turn your back on the audience.
     在舞台上尽量不要背对观众。
• 背弃；抛弃
  to reject sb/sth that you have previously been connected with
  1. She turned her back on them when they needed her.
     他们需要她的时候，她却背弃了他们。

cover your back

• 粉饰污点；防止可预见的指责
  to realize that you may be blamed or criticized for sth later and take action to avoid this
  1. Get everything in writing in order to cover your back.
     一切都要立字为据，以绝后患。

have eyes in the back of your head

• 脑后长眼；眼光敏锐；什么都能觉察到
  to be aware of everything that is happening around you, even things that seem difficult or impossible to see

know sb/sth inside out

know sb/sth like the back of your hand

• 对…极为熟悉（或了如指掌）
  to be very familiar with sth
  1. This is where I grew up. I know this area like the back of my hand.
     我在这儿长大的，我对这地方再熟悉不过了。

a pat on the back (for sth/for doing sth)

• 表扬；赞许
  praise or approval for sth that you have done well
  1. He deserves a pat on the back for all his hard work.
     他工作兢兢业业，值得嘉许。

pat sb/yourself on the back

• 表扬，称赞（某人 / 自己）
  to praise sb or yourself for doing sth well

push sth to the back of your mind

• 刻意忘掉（不愉快的事）；把…丢到脑后
  to try to forget about sth unpleasant
  1. I tried to push the thought to the back of my mind.
     我尽量把这个念头忘掉。

make a rod for your own back

• 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃
  to do sth that will cause problems for you in the future

you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours

• 礼尚往来；私相授受
  used to say that if sb helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others

the shirt off sb's back

• （别人拿走或自愿送掉的）全部家当
  anything that sb has, including the things they really need themselves, that sb else takes from them or they are willing to give

a stab in the back

• 背后捅刀子；对给予信任的人的陷害（或中伤）
  an act that harms sb, done by a person they thought was a friend

stab sb in the back

• 在某人背后捅刀子；陷害（或中伤）信任你的人
  to do or say sth that harms sb who trusts you

the last/final straw

the straw that breaks the camel's back

• 压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草；终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事（或因素等）
  the last in a series of bad events, etc. that makes it impossible for you to accept a situation any longer

(like) water off a duck's back

• （像）耳边风；水过鸭背
  used to say that sth, especially criticism, has no effect on sb/sth
  1. I can't tell my son what to do; it's water off a duck's back with him.
     我无法告诉我儿子该做什么，他根本听不进去。

adj.

on the back burner

• 暂时搁置
  left for the present time, to be done or considered later

adv.

back and forth

• 反复来回
  from one place to another and back again repeatedly
  1. ferries sailing back and forth between the islands
     往返于岛屿之间的渡船

back in the day

• 过去；从前；旧时
  in the past
  1. My dad's always talking about how great everything was back in the day.
     我爸爸总是讲过去的一切如何如何的好。

back in the days

• 在过去的某个时候
  at a particular time in the past
  1. I was a fan back in the days when the band wasn't yet famous.
     在这个乐队还没出名的时候，我就是他们的歌迷。

back of sth

• 在某物的背后（或背面）
  behind sth
  1. the houses back of the church
     位于教堂后面的房屋

come back/down to earth (with a bang/bump)

bring sb (back) down to earth (with a bang/bump)

• （使）从幻想中清醒过来，回到现实中来
  to return, or to make sb return, to a normal way of thinking or behaving after a time when they have been very excited, not very practical, etc.

v.

back the wrong horse

• 下错赌注（支持了失败的一方或事情）
  to support sb/sth that is not successful

noun

1. (American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage

2. a support that you can lean against while sitting
   1. the back of the dental chair was adjustable

   Synonym:    backrest

3. the part of a garment that covers the back of your body
   1. they pinned a `kick me' sign on his back

4. the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book
   1. the book had a leather binding

   Synonym:    bindingbook bindingcover

5. the side that goes last or is not normally seen
   1. he wrote the date on the back of the photograph

   Synonym:    rear

6. the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine
   1. his back was nicely tanned

   Synonym:    dorsum

7. the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord
   1. the fall broke his back

   Synonym:    spinal columnvertebral columnspinebackbonerachis

8. the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer
   1. he stood at the back of the stage
   2. it was hidden in the rear of the store

   Synonym:    rear

9. (football) a person who plays in the backfield

verb

1. strengthen by providing with a back or backing

2. establish as valid or genuine
   1. Can you back up your claims?

   Synonym:    back up

3. shift to a counterclockwise direction
   1. the wind backed

4. place a bet on
   1. Which horse are you backing?
   2. I'm betting on the new horse

   Synonym:    bet ongagestakegamepunt

5. travel backward
   1. back into the driveway
   2. The car backed up and hit the tree

6. cause to travel backward
   1. back the car into the parking spot

7. support financial backing for
   1. back this enterprise

8. be behind
   1. He plumped for the Labor Party
   2. I backed Kennedy in 1960

   Synonym:    endorseindorseplump forplunk forsupport

9. give support or one's approval to
   1. I'll second that motion
   2. I can't back this plan
   3. endorse a new project

   Synonym:    secondendorseindorse

10. be in back of
    1. My garage backs their yard

adv

1. in or to or toward a past time
   1. set the clocks back an hour
   2. never look back
   3. lovers of the past looking fondly backward

   Synonym:    backward

2. at or to or toward the back or rear
   1. he moved back
   2. tripped when he stepped backward
   3. she looked rearward out the window of the car

   Synonym:    backwardbackwardsrearwardrearwards

3. in repayment or retaliation
   1. we paid back everything we had borrowed
   2. he hit me and I hit him back
   3. I was kept in after school for talking back to the teacher

4. in or to or toward a former location
   1. she went back to her parents' house

5. in or to or toward an original condition
   1. he went back to sleep

6. in reply
   1. he wrote back three days later