roughly

adv.

1. 大约；大致；差不多
   approximately but not exactly
   1. Sales are up by roughly 10%.
      销售额上升了大约10%。
   2. We live roughly halfway between here and the coast.
      我们住的地方大致在这里和海滨中间。
   3. They all left at roughly the same time.
      他们都是大约同一时间离开的。
   4. Roughly speaking , we receive about fifty letters a week on the subject.
      关于这个问题，粗略地说，我们每周能收到大约五十封来信。
2. 粗暴地；粗鲁地
   using force or not being careful and gentle
   1. He pushed her roughly out of the way.
      他粗暴地把她推到一边。
   2. ‘What do you want?’ she demanded roughly.
      “你想怎么样？”她粗声粗气地问道。
3. 粗糙地；凹凸不平地
   in a way that does not leave a smooth surface
   1. roughly plastered walls
      灰泥抹得凹凸不平的墙壁

1. ADJ-GRADED (表面)粗糙不平的，不光滑的
   If a surface is rough, it is uneven and not smooth.
   1. His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice...
      由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。
   2. Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.
      格雷斯缓慢地走过高低不平的地面。
2. ADJ-GRADED (人或行为)粗暴的，粗野的，粗鲁的
   You say that people or their actions are rough when they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness.
   1. Rugby's a rough game at the best of times...
      即使是在比赛最不激烈的时候，橄榄球也是一种粗野的运动。
   2. They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.
      他们抗议遭受歧视，而且偶尔还会遭到粗暴的对待。
3. ADJ-GRADED (地区、城市、学校等)危险的，充斥暴力的，犯罪率高的
   A rough area, city, school, or other place is unpleasant and dangerous because there is a lot of violence or crime there.
   1. It was quite a rough part of our town.
      这是我们城里犯罪率很高的地区。
4. ADJ-GRADED (日子)艰难的，困难的，不愉快的
   If you say that someone has had a rough time, you mean that they have had some difficult or unpleasant experiences.
   1. All women have a rough time in our society...
      在我们的社会中，所有女性的日子都不好过。
   2. Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.
      他知道明天将会是艰难的一天。
5. ADJ-GRADED 身体不适的;不舒服的
   If you feel rough, you feel ill.
   1. The virus won't go away and the lad is still feeling a bit rough.
      病毒无法清除，这个小伙子仍然觉得有点不舒服。
6. ADJ-GRADED (计算、猜测)大概的，粗略的，不精确的
   A rough calculation or guess is approximately correct, but not exact.
   1. We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required...
      我们只能对所需燃料作一个粗略的估计。
   2. As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.
      作为一个大致的参照，一匹马每天需要吃相当于其体重2.5％的食物。
7. ADJ-GRADED (想法、描述)粗略的，简略的，大致的;(图画)简笔的
   If you give someone a rough idea, description, or drawing of something, you indicate only the most important features, without much detail.
   1. I've got a rough idea of what he looks like...
      我已经大致知道他长什么样子了。
   2. It often helps to make a rough sketch showing where the vehicles were.
      画一个简略的草图标示车辆当时所在的位置往往很有用。
8. ADJ-GRADED 做工粗糙的;不精致的;简陋的
   You can say that something is rough when it is not neat and well made.
   1. ...a rough wooden table.
      做工粗糙的木桌子
   2. ...chairs set in a rough circle in the middle of the room.
      房间中央大致围成一圈的椅子
9. ADJ-GRADED (天气)恶劣的，狂风暴雨的;(海面)波浪滔天的
   If the sea or the weather at sea is rough, the weather is windy or stormy and there are very big waves.
   1. A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.
      一艘捕鱼船和一艘货船在波涛汹涌的海上相撞了。
10. ADV 风餐露宿地;无家可归地;流浪地
    When people sleep or live rough, they sleep out of doors, usually because they have no home.
    1. It makes me so sad when I see young people begging or sleeping rough on the streets.
       我看到年轻人沿街乞讨、露宿街头，心里会非常难过。
11. VERB 过（从前没有过的）艰苦的生活
    If you have to rough it, you have to live without the possessions and comforts that you normally have.
    1. You won't be roughing it; each room comes equipped with a telephone and a 3-channel radio.
       你不会过得太艰苦;每个房间都配备了一部电话和一台可以接收3个频道的收音机。
12. rough justice → see: justice

1. Roughly crumble the cheese into a bowl.
   把干酪大致弄碎，装入一只碗内。
2. It has been snowing, roughly every third day, for as long as I've had the flu.
   自从我得了流感以来，这段时间一直在下雪，大约每三天一场。
3. Roughly chop the vegetables, and keep back a little to chop finely and serve as a garnish.
   大致切一下蔬菜，留下一点切细用作饰菜。
4. 'When roughly would this be? Monday?' — 'Something like that.'
   “大概会在什么时候？星期一？”——“差不多吧。”
5. He was roughly the same age as myself.
   他大概和我同岁。
6. The number of warships stationed outside European waters roughly doubled.
   部署在欧洲水域之外的战舰数量差不多增加了一倍。
7. This trail was roughly parallel to the border.
   这条小路与边境线大致平行。
8. Roughly chop and parboil the potatoes.
   把土豆大致切一下，煮成半熟。
9. All the planets orbit the Sun in roughly the same plane, round its equator.
   所有的行星大致在同一平面上绕太阳赤道运转。
10. Roughly half of them are British subjects.
    他们中大约有一半是英国国民。
11. Its outline roughly forms an equilateral triangle.
    它的轮廓大致形成一个等边三角形。
12. He tweaked Guy's ear roughly
    他粗暴地扯盖伊的耳朵。
13. The oil washed ashore on roughly 1,000 miles of coastline
    石油沿着海岸线扩散到了大约1,000英里范围的沿岸海域。
14. We had this understanding that courses were roughly the same weight.
    我们已经了解到各门功课差不多一样重要。
15. The British job of lecturer corresponds roughly to the US associate professor.
    英国的讲师职位大致相当于美国的副教授。
16. Goalposts were roughly chalked out on the playground wall.
    操场的墙上已经标出了球门柱的轮廓。
17. Income and expenditure roughly balance.
    收支大体平衡。
18. But roughly half of all new businesses fail within the first five years.
    但大约半数的新兴企业都在五年内倒闭了。
19. In return, he received gifts worth roughly half that amount.
    作为回报，他获得了价值相当于这个数额一半的礼物。
20. He roughly outlined the plot of the opera.
    他粗略地概述了歌剧的情节。
21. We know that this dimension is roughly one angstrom unit, right?
    我们知道，它的尺寸大概是一埃，对吗？
22. All of the time consuming parts of the system are parallelize and roughly linear time.
    所有的耗时部分系统的并行和大约线性时间。
23. On the import side, industrial products have accounted for roughly three-quarters of the total so far this year.
    进口方面，工业产品在今年迄今的进口总量中大致占到了四分之三。
24. This is roughly equivalent to two medium-size ice cubes.
    这约略相当于两个中等大小的冰块。
25. This year, Washington imposed anti-dumping and anti-subsidy duties of roughly 31 per cent on imported Chinese solar panels.
    今年，美国开始对从中国进口的太阳能电池板征收大约31%的反倾销和反补贴关税。
26. I list roughly my work as follows.
    下面是我粗略的列举了我的工作内容。
27. In the last 10 years researchers have advanced by roughly an order of magnitude.
    在过去10年中，研究人员大约前进了一个数量级。

  around about approximately roughly【导航词义：大约】

  around adv. 大约

〔辨析〕多用于非正式场合，常见于美国英语。也用作 around about。

  about adv. 大约

〔辨析〕表示实际数量可多可少或数值、尺寸等可大可小，也作 round about。

  approximately adv. 大约

〔辨析〕多用于书面语，强调接近精确数值、数量、时间等，误差较小。

  roughly adv. 粗略地，大致上

〔辨析〕指按粗略估计，不强调十分接近精确数值。

adv

1. (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct
   1. lasted approximately an hour
   2. in just about a minute
   3. he's about 30 years old
   4. I've had about all I can stand
   5. we meet about once a month
   6. some forty people came
   7. weighs around a hundred pounds
   8. roughly $3,000
   9. holds 3 gallons, more or less
   10. 20 or so people were at the party

   Synonym:    approximatelyaboutclose tojust aboutsomemore or lessaroundor so

2. with rough motion as over a rough surface
   1. ride rough

   Synonym:    rough

3. with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly')
   1. he was pushed roughly aside
   2. they treated him rough

   Synonym:    rough