above

prep.

1. 在（或向）…上面
   at or to a higher place or position than sth/sb
   1. The water came above our knees.
      水淹过了我们的膝盖。
   2. We were flying above the clouds.
      我们在云层上面飞行。
   3. the people in the apartment above mine
      我楼上那套公寓里的人们
   4. A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army.
      海军的captain（上校）军衔比陆军的captain（上尉）高。
   5. They finished the year six places above their local rivals.
      这一年结束，他们的排名比当地竞争对手超前六个名次。
2. （数目、数量、水平、年龄）超过，多于，大于
   more than sth; greater in number, level or age than sb/sth
   1. Inflation is above 6%.
      通货膨胀超过6%。
   2. Temperatures have been above average.
      气温一直比平均温度高。
   3. We cannot accept children above the age of 10.
      我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。
3. （重要性、质量）超过，胜过
   of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth
   1. I rate her above most other players of her age.
      我认为她优于大多数同龄参赛者。
4. （因善良或诚实正直而）不至于，不屑于（做某事）
   too good or too honest to do sth
   1. She's not above lying when it suits her.
      她在适当时机还是会说谎的。
   2. He's above suspicion (= he is completely trusted) .
      他无可置疑。
5. （音量或清晰度）超过（另一种声音）
   louder or clearer than another sound
   1. I couldn't hear her above the noise of the traffic.
      交通嘈杂，我听不见她的声音。

adv.

1. 在（或向）上面；在（或向）较高处
   at or to a higher place
   1. Put it on the shelf above.
      把它放到上面的搁板上。
   2. Seen from above the cars looked tiny.
      从高处往下看，车辆显得很小。
   3. They were acting on instructions from above (= from sb in a higher position of authority) .
      他们是在按照上级的指示办事。
2. （数目、数量、水平、年龄）超过，更多，更大
   greater in number, level or age
   1. increases of 5% and above
      增加5%或以上
   2. A score of 70 or above will get you an ‘A’.
      70分或以上就可以得“优”。
   3. children aged 12 and above
      12岁或以上的孩子
3. 上文；前文
   earlier in sth written or printed
   1. As was stated above…
      如上所述…
   2. See above, page 97.
      见前文，第97页。

adj.

1. 前文述及的；上述的
   mentioned or printed previously in a letter, book, etc.
   1. Please write to us at the above address.
      请按上述地址来函。

1. PREP 在…上方;高于
   If one thing is above another one, it is directly over it or higher than it.
   1. He lifted his hands above his head...
      他将双手举过头顶。
   2. Apartment 46 was a quiet apartment, unlike the one above it...
      和它楼上的那间不同，46号公寓很安静。
   3. He was staring into the mirror above him.
      他盯着在他上方的镜子。
   4. Above is also an adverb.
      
   5. A long scream sounded from somewhere above.
      从上面什么地方传来一声长长的尖叫。
   6. ...a picture of the new plane as seen from above...
      这架新飞机的俯视图
   7. There are five bedrooms, a large attic above, and wine cellars below.
      有5间卧室，顶层是一个宽敞的阁楼，底下是酒窖。
2. ADV 上述;在上文
   In writing, you use above to refer to something that has already been mentioned or discussed.
   1. Several conclusions could be drawn from the results described above...
      从上文描述的结果中可以得出几个结论。
   2. Full details are in the table above.
      详细信息请见上文表格。
   3. Above is also a noun.
      
   4. For additional information, contact any of the above.
      如需更多信息，可与以上任何一处联系。
   5. Above is also an adjective.
      
   6. For a copy of their brochure, write to the above address.
      欲索取其宣传册，请写信至以上地址。
3. PREP （数量或度量）在…以上，超过
   If an amount or measurement is above a particular level, it is greater than that level.
   1. The temperature crept up to just above 40 degrees...
      温度攀升至40度出头。
   2. Victoria Falls has had above average levels of rainfall this year...
      维多利亚瀑布今年的降雨量超过了平均水平。
   3. These plants must be stored in the light at above freezing temperature...
      这些植物必须放置于零度以上光照充足的地方。
   4. Government spending is planned to rise 3 per cent above inflation.
      政府开支拟订高出通货膨胀3个百分点。
   5. Above is also an adverb.
      
   6. Banks have been charging 25 percent and above for unsecured loans.
      银行对于没有担保的贷款一直收取25%或更高的费用。
4. PREP （声音）比…更响亮，盖过
   If you hear one sound above another, it is louder or clearer than the second one.
   1. ...trying to talk above the noise...
      努力使说话声高过噪音
   2. Then there was a woman's voice, rising shrilly above the barking.
      接着，一个女人的尖厉声音盖过了犬吠声。
5. PREP （社会地位或权威）高于
   If someone is above you, they are in a higher social position than you or in a position of authority over you.
   1. I know you're above me socially, but I must say I find your attitude offensive...
      我明白你的社会地位比我高，但我得说我觉得你的态度很粗鲁。
   2. I married above myself — rich county people...
      我高攀了一门亲事，是县里的富有人家。
   3. Look at the people above you in the positions of power and see what type of characters they are.
      审视一下权位高于你的那些人，看他们具有哪种类型的性格。
   4. Above is also an adverb.
      
   5. The policemen admitted beating the student, but said they were acting on orders from above.
      警察承认打过这名学生，但说他们只是奉命行事。
6. PHRASE 自视过高；妄自尊大
   If you say that someone is getting above themself, you disapprove of them because they think they are better than everyone else.
   1. I just think you're getting a little bit above yourself.
      我只是觉得你变得有点自视过高。
7. PREP （因自视甚高）不屑于
   If you say that someone thinks they are above something, you mean that they act as if they are too good or important for it.
   1. This was clearly a failure by someone who thought he was above failure...
      这显然是认为自己根本不会失败的人所遭遇的一次失败。
   2. I'm not above doing my own cleaning.
      我很乐意自己做扫除。
8. PREP 不会受到（批评或怀疑）；超乎…之所及
   If someone is above criticism or suspicion, they cannot be criticized or suspected because of their good qualities or their position.
   1. The Queen remains above criticism, apart from the issue of her tax liability...
      抛开她的纳税义务不谈，女王一直无可指摘。
   2. He was a respected academic and above suspicion.
      他是位受人尊敬的学者，根本没有嫌疑。
9. PREP 比…更重要；胜过；优于
   If you value one person or thing above any other, you value them more or consider that they are more important.
   1. ...his tendency to put the team above everything...
      他把这个团队看得比什么都重要的倾向
   2. I want to be honest, honest above everything else.
      我想要做到诚实，一切以诚实为上。
10. over and above → see: over

Above and over are both used to talk about position and height. If something is higher than something else and the two things are imagined as being positioned along a vertical line, you can use either above or over. He opened a cupboard above the sink... She leaned forward until her face was over the basin. However, if something is higher than something else but the two things are regarded as being wide or horizontal rather than tall or vertical, you have to use above. The trees rose above the row of houses. Above and over are both used to talk about measurements, for example, when you are talking about a point that is higher than another point on a scale. Any money earned over that level is taxed. ...everybody above five feet eight inches in height. You use over to say that a distance or period of time is longer than the one mentioned. ...a height of over twelve thousand feet... Our relationship lasted for over a year. Above and over are also both used to talk about people's rank or importance. You use above to talk about people who are more important and in a higher position than other people. ...behaving as if she was in a position above the other staff. If someone is over you, they give orders or instructions to you. ...an officer in authority over him.
above和over均可表示位置和高度。若一物高于另一物，且两者可设想成处于同一垂直线上，则两词都可用：He opened a cupboard above the sink（他打开水池上方的碗柜），She leaned forward until her face was over the basin（她俯身向前，把脸凑到了脸盆上方）。当一物高于另一物，但两者宽而不高，或存在水平而非垂直关系，则须用above：The trees rose above the row of houses（树木矗立在那排房屋的边上）。above和over都可表示度量，例如表示一点在标度上高于另一点：Any money earned over that level is taxed（超过这一标准的收入都要纳税），everybody above five feet eight inches in height（所有身高超过5英尺8英寸的人）。over可用于距离、时间的比较：a height of over twelve thousand feet（超过1.2万英尺的高度），Our relationship lasted for over a year（我们的关系持续了一年多）。above和over都可指人的级别和重要性。above用于表示比他人重要和地位较高者：behaving as if she was in a position above the other staff（表现得好像她比其他员工职位高似的）。over用于表示某人有权下命令或指令：an officer in authority over him（一位军阶在他之上的军官）。

1. By mid-morning, the temperature was already above 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
   到早上10点钟，温度已经超过100华氏度了。
2. He lifted his hands above his head
   他将双手举过头顶。
3. Apartment 46 was a quiet apartment, unlike the one above it
   和它楼上的那间不同，46号公寓很安静。
4. He was staring into the mirror above him.
   他盯着在他上方的镜子。
5. Several conclusions could be drawn from the results described above
   从上文描述的结果中可以得出几个结论。
6. Full details are in the table above.
   详细信息请见上文表格。
7. The temperature crept up to just above 40 degrees
   温度攀升至40度出头。
8. Victoria Falls has had above average levels of rainfall this year
   维多利亚瀑布今年的降雨量超过了平均水平。
9. These plants must be stored in the light at above freezing temperature
   这些植物必须放置于零度以上光照充足的地方。
10. Government spending is planned to rise 3 per cent above inflation.
    政府开支拟订高出通货膨胀3个百分点。
11. Then there was a woman's voice, rising shrilly above the barking.
    接着，一个女人的尖厉声音盖过了犬吠声。
12. Look at the people above you in the positions of power and see what type of characters they are.
    审视一下权位高于你的那些人，看他们具有哪种类型的性格。
13. I just think you're getting a little bit above yourself.
    我只是觉得你变得有点自视过高。
14. I'm not above doing my own cleaning.
    我很乐意自己做扫除。
15. The Queen remains above criticism, apart from the issue of her tax liability
    抛开她的纳税义务不谈，女王一直无可指摘。
16. He was a respected academic and above suspicion.
    他是位受人尊敬的学者，根本没有嫌疑。
17. I want to be honest, honest above everything else.
    我想要做到诚实，一切以诚实为上。
18. Soon they were only dots above the hard line of the horizon.
    很快他们就成了地平线上的几个小点了。
19. Above all else I hate the cold.
    我最讨厌寒冷。
20. I took the key for the room off a rack above her head
    我从她头上方的架子上拿走了房门钥匙。
21. Many provincial governments have taken advantage of this to place local interests above those of the central government
    很多省级政府已利用了这一点，把地方利益置于中央政府利益之上。
22. Agassi was playing well above his world ranking of 12.
    阿加西的比赛表现大大超出了他在世界上第12位的排名。
23. The pain was situated above and around the eyes
    眼睛的上方和四周都很疼。
24. The wires were sparking above me
    电线在我头顶上方冒着火花。
25. 'We're not saying we're outside and above all this,' he stresses.
    “我们并不是说我们对此不闻不问，”他强调道。
26. Table 3.1 summarizes the information given above
    表格3.1是对以上信息的总结。
27. Ozone forms a protective layer between 12 and 30 miles above the Earth's surface.
    臭氧在地球表面上方12到30英里处形成一个保护层。
28. The judge's ruling was based on the simple commonsense tenet that no man is above the law.
    法官的判决基于一个常识性原则，即谁也不能凌驾于法律之上。
29. This may end efforts to set a minimum wage well above the poverty line.
    这可能会使将最低工资定得远高于贫困线的努力告吹。
30. In this matter we must place the common cause above all else.
    在这件事情上，我们必须把共同事业放在高于一切的位置上。

  above over【导航词义：在…之上】

  above prep. 在…上面

〔辨析〕通常指水平位置在某物之上。

  over prep. 在…上方

〔辨析〕强调位于某物的正上方。

prep.

above all

• 最重要的是；尤其是
  most important of all; especially
  1. Above all, keep in touch.
     最要紧的是保持联系。

above yourself

• 自高自大；妄自尊大
  having too high an opinion of yourself

over and above

• 此外；另外
  in addition to sth
  1. There are other factors over and above those we have discussed.
     除了我们所讨论的之外，还有其他因素。

noun

1. an earlier section of a written text
   1. for instructions refer to the above

adj

1. appearing earlier in the same text
   1. flaws in the above interpretation

adv

1. at an earlier place
   1. see above

   Synonym:    supra

2. in or to a place that is higher

   Synonym:    higher upin a higher placeto a higher place