against

prep.

1. 反对；与…相反；逆；违反
   opposing or disagreeing with sb/sth
   1. the fight against terrorism
      反对恐怖主义的斗争
   2. We're playing against the league champions next week.
      下周我们要和联赛冠军队比赛。
   3. We were rowing against the current.
      我们划船逆流而上。
   4. That's against the law.
      那是违法的。
   5. She was forced to marry against her will.
      她被迫违心地嫁了人。
   6. Are you for or against the death penalty?
      你赞成还是反对死刑？
   7. She is against seeing (= does not want to see) him.
      她不想见他。
   8. I'd advise you against doing that.
      我劝你别做那事。
2. 对…不利
   not to the advantage or favour of sb/sth
   1. The evidence is against him.
      证据对他不利。
   2. Her age is against her.
      她的年龄对她不利。
3. 紧靠；倚；碰；撞
   close to, touching or hitting sb/sth
   1. Put the piano there, against the wall.
      把钢琴放在那儿，紧靠着墙。
   2. The rain beat against the windows.
      雨点击打着窗户。
4. 以防
   in order to prevent sth from happening or to reduce the damage caused by sth
   1. an injection against rabies
      狂犬病预防注射
   2. They took precautions against fire.
      他们采取了防火措施。
   3. Are we insured against theft?
      我们保了盗窃险没有？
5. 以…为背景；衬托
   with sth in the background, as a contrast
   1. His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.
      他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。
   2. The love story unfolds against a background of civil war.
      这爱情故事以内战为背景展开。
6. 和…相比
   used when you are comparing two things
   1. You must weigh the benefits against the cost.
      你一定要权衡利益与成本二者的得失。
   2. Check your receipts against the statement.
      核对你的收据与结算单是否相符。
   3. What's the rate of exchange against the dollar?
      与美元的兑换率是多少？

In addition to the uses shown below, against is used in phrasal verbs such as ‘come up against’, ‘guard against’, and ‘hold against’.
除下列用法外，against还可用于come up against, guard against, hold against等短语动词中。

1. PREP 紧靠；倚；碰
   If one thing is leaning or pressing against another, it is touching it.
   1. She leaned against him...
      她紧靠着他。
   2. On a table pushed against a wall there were bottles of beer and wine.
      在一张靠墙的餐桌上有啤酒和葡萄酒。
   3. ...the rain beating against the window panes.
      雨敲打着窗玻璃
2. PREP 反对（计划、政策、制度等）
   If you are against something such as a plan, policy, or system, you think it is wrong, bad, or stupid.
   1. Taxes are unpopular — it is understandable that voters are against them...
      税收不受欢迎——选民们反对是可以理解的。
   2. Joan was very much against commencing drug treatment.
      琼极力反对进行药物治疗。
   3. ...a march to protest against job losses.
      反对失业的游行
   4. Against is also an adverb.
      
   5. The vote for the suspension of the party was 283 in favour with 29 against.
      关于暂时取缔该党的投票结果为283票赞成，29票反对。
3. PREP 与…竞争；与…对阵
   If you compete against someone in a game, you try to beat them.
   1. The tour will include games against the Australian Barbarians...
      这次巡回赛将包括和澳大利亚野人队的比赛。
   2. Billy Hardy has pulled out of his second fight against Noel Carroll after a training accident.
      一次训练事故之后，比利·哈迪退出了和诺埃尔·卡罗尔的第二次比赛。
4. PREP 反对；对抗
   If you take action against someone or something, you try to harm them.
   1. Security forces are still using violence against opponents of the government.
      安全部队仍然在使用武力镇压反对政府的人。
   2. ...an upsurge in racism against immigrants...
      对移民的种族歧视的高涨
   3. The demonstration itself was against the Government's new Community Charge.
      游行本身反对的是政府新出台的“人头税”。
5. PREP 制止；预防；阻止
   If you take action against a possible future event, you try to prevent it.
   1. ...the fight against crime...
      打击犯罪
   2. They are arguing against hospital closures...
      他们据理反对关闭医院。
   3. I must warn you against raising your hopes.
      我必须警告你不要期望过高。
6. PREP 违背，违抗（愿望、劝告或命令）
   If you do something against someone's wishes, advice, or orders, you do not do what they want you to do or tell you to do.
   1. He didn't want to go against the wishes of the German government...
      他不想违抗德国政府的意愿。
   2. He discharged himself from hospital against the advice of doctors.
      他不顾医生的劝告自行出院了。
7. PREP 防备
   If you do something in order to protect yourself against something unpleasant or harmful, you do something which will make its effects on you less serious if it happens.
   1. A business needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood...
      公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。
   2. It has been claimed that wine helps protect against heart disease.
      有人声称葡萄酒有助于预防心脏病。
8. PHRASE 不喜欢；对…存有芥蒂
   If you have something against someone or something, you dislike them.
   1. Have you got something against women, Les?...
      你对女性存有芥蒂吗，莱斯？
   2. I have nothing against foreigners.
      我对外国人并无芥蒂。
9. PREP 违反（法律或规则）
   If something is against the law or against the rules, there is a law or a rule which says that you must not do it.
   1. It is against the law to detain you against your will for any length of time...
      无论强制扣押多长时间都属违法。
   2. We thought cheating was against the rules.
      我们认为作弊是违反规定的。
10. PREP 迎着；逆着
    If you are moving against a current, tide, or wind, you are moving in the opposite direction to it.
    1. ...swimming upstream against the current...
       逆流往上游泳
    2. They were going to sail around the little island, against the tide.
       他们打算绕着小岛逆潮航行。
11. PREP 以…为背景
    If something happens or is considered against a particular background of events, it is considered in relation to those events, because those events are relevant to it.
    1. The Pope has sent a message appealing for unity in his homeland, against a background of divisions in the Solidarity movement...
       团结运动中各派搞分裂，在此情况下教皇发出号召，呼吁祖国保持团结。
    2. The profits rise was achieved against a backdrop of falling metal prices.
       在金属价格下跌的背景下，利润提高了。
12. PREP 和…对比；对照
    If something is measured or valued against something else, it is measured or valued by comparing it with the other thing.
    1. Our policy has to be judged against a clear test: will it improve the standard of education?...
       对我们的政策作出评判必须根据一条明确的准则：它是否会提高教育的水准？
    2. Check the operator's productivity against agreed targets...
       根据既定目标检验操作员的效率。
    3. The US dollar is down against most foreign currencies today.
       今天美元对大多数外汇的比价都有所下降。
13. PHRASE 与…相对；与…比较
    If you discuss a particular set of facts or figures as against another set, you are comparing or contrasting the two sets of facts or figures.
    1. Over 50% of divorced men regretted their divorce, as against 25% of women.
       离婚男性中有50%以上后悔离婚，与此相对，女性只有25%。
14. PREP 不利于
    The odds against something happening are the chances or odds that it will not happen.
    1. The odds against him surviving are incredible.
       他活下来的概率非常小。
    2. Against is also an adverb.
       
    3. What were the odds against?
       不利情况有哪些呢？
15. up against → see: up

1. She leaned against him
   她紧靠着他。
2. On a table pushed against a wall there were bottles of beer and wine.
   在一张靠墙的餐桌上有啤酒和葡萄酒。
3. Taxes are unpopular — it is understandable that voters are against them
   税收不受欢迎——选民们反对是可以理解的。
4. Joan was very much against commencing drug treatment.
   琼极力反对进行药物治疗。
5. The tour will include games against the Australian Barbarians
   这次巡回赛将包括和澳大利亚野人队的比赛。
6. Billy Hardy has pulled out of his second fight against Noel Carroll after a training accident.
   一次训练事故之后，比利·哈迪退出了和诺埃尔·卡罗尔的第二次比赛。
7. Security forces are still using violence against opponents of the government.
   安全部队仍然在使用武力镇压反对政府的人。
8. The demonstration itself was against the Government's new Community Charge.
   游行本身反对的是政府新出台的“人头税”。
9. They are arguing against hospital closures
   他们据理反对关闭医院。
10. I must warn you against raising your hopes.
    我必须警告你不要期望过高。
11. He didn't want to go against the wishes of the German government
    他不想违抗德国政府的意愿。
12. He discharged himself from hospital against the advice of doctors.
    他不顾医生的劝告自行出院了。
13. A business needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood
    公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。
14. It has been claimed that wine helps protect against heart disease.
    有人声称葡萄酒有助于预防心脏病。
15. Have you got something against women, Les?
    你对女性存有芥蒂吗，莱斯？
16. I have nothing against foreigners.
    我对外国人并无芥蒂。
17. It is against the law to detain you against your will for any length of time
    无论强制扣押多长时间都属违法。
18. We thought cheating was against the rules.
    我们认为作弊是违反规定的。
19. They were going to sail around the little island, against the tide.
    他们打算绕着小岛逆潮航行。
20. The Pope has sent a message appealing for unity in his homeland, against a background of divisions in the Solidarity movement
    团结运动中各派搞分裂，在此情况下教皇发出号召，呼吁祖国保持团结。
21. The profits rise was achieved against a backdrop of falling metal prices.
    在金属价格下跌的背景下，利润提高了。
22. Our policy has to be judged against a clear test: will it improve the standard of education?
    对我们的政策作出评判必须根据一条明确的准则：它是否会提高教育的水准？
23. Check the operator's productivity against agreed targets
    根据既定目标检验操作员的效率。
24. The US dollar is down against most foreign currencies today.
    今天美元对大多数外汇的比价都有所下降。
25. The odds against him surviving are incredible.
    他活下来的概率非常小。
26. I scored a hat-trick against Arsenal.
    我在和阿森纳队的比赛中上演了帽子戏法。
27. The allegations against them were made in sworn evidence to the inquiry.
    在调查取得的宣誓证词中对他们提出了指控。
28. Have you had your child vaccinated against whooping cough?
    你给你的孩子打过百日咳疫苗了吗？
29. You transgressed against the law.
    你违法了。

prep.

as against sth

• 与…相对照；和…相比较
  in contrast with sth
  1. They got 27% of the vote as against 32% at the last election.
     这次选举他们得了27%的票，而上次他们得了32%。

the cards/odds are stacked against you

• 形势对你不利
  you are unlikely to succeed because the conditions are not good for you