confounding

1. VERB 使困惑;使惊讶
   If someone or something confounds you, they make you feel surprised or confused, often by showing you that your opinions or expectations of them were wrong.
   1. He momentarily confounded his critics by his cool handling of the hostage crisis...
      他对人质危机的冷静处理一时让批评者们惊讶不已。
   2. The choice of Governor may confound us all.
      州长的选择可能会让我们所有人感到困惑。

1. These analyses depend on a number of potentially confounding factors such as nonstomatal transpiration and temperature.
   这些分析取决于非气孔蒸腾和温度这样一些可能混淆的因素。
2. For one small group of investors, this return to normal places them in a new, confounding position.
   对一小部分投资者来说，情况恢复正常让他们陷入了另一种惶恐状态。
3. Here are 12 popular love idioms and phrases that are used frequently but are quite confounding.
   下面是频繁使用但是很容易混淆的12个流行的爱情习语和短语。
4. His editorial highlights confounding variables in the studies.
   他的按语强调了研究中的混杂变量。
5. These results posed, for Mr. Heckman, a confounding intellectual puzzle.
   这些研究结果向赫克曼提出了一个令人困惑的关于智力的问题。
6. That makes the lethality of white-nose syndrome that much more confounding.
   这就让白鼻综合症的致命性越发令人不解。
7. After all, it was a small-sample study, conducted over a mere five days, with plenty of potentially confounding variables in the design.
   毕竟，这只是为期五天的一个小样本研究，设计中存在大量潜在混淆的变量。
8. Rat studies can be very useful in assessing human effects, because studies of people can be hampered by complex confounding factors which could include cigarette smoking, wealth or urban living.
   对老鼠的研究在评估人类的影响方面可能很有用处，因为对人的研究会受到复杂的令人困惑的因素所限制，其中可能包括吸烟、财富或城市生活。
9. These genetic studies avoid the confounding that could affect cohort studies;
   这些遗传性研究避免了会影响群组研究的混淆；
10. Analyses were adjusted for confounding variables using logistic regression.
    使用逻辑回归调整了混杂变量分析。
11. We used Cox regression models to estimate the risk of cancer and adjust for potential confounding factors.
    我们使用Cox回归模型来估计罹患癌症的风险并根据潜在的混淆因素进行校正。
12. Daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressure predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, coronary heart disease, and stroke, independently from office blood pressure and confounding variables.
    白天和夜间收缩压可预测总体的心血管死亡率、冠心病、中风，数据独立的来自于工作时血压和其他一些混杂情况。
13. Caffeine intake was associated with a significantly lower risk for AD, independently of other possible confounding variables.
    咖啡因摄入量与AD风险降低明显相关，不依赖于其他伴随因子。
14. But the validity of such studies was questionable because of confounding factors, including smoking, which contributes to both periodontal disease and cancer.
    不过这类研究的可信性是令人质疑的，因为存在着混杂因素，其中包括吸烟，牙周疾病和癌症都能由吸烟导致。
15. Although statistical modeling could control for these measured baseline differences, the potential for confounding by unmeasured variables existed.
    虽然应用统计模型能控制这些基线评估上的差异，但仍然存在一些无法测定的变量导致潜在的混杂。
16. Their statistical models attempted to correct for potential confounding variables, such as the fact that an economic downturn and financial uncertainty may increase mortality rates regardless of whether there is a banking crisis.
    他们的统计模型试图校正潜在的混淆性变量，例如，无论是否存在银行业危机，经济衰退和金融不确定性都可能导致死亡率上升。
17. He is good at confounding black and white and telling lies.
    他善于颠倒黑白，睁着眼睛说瞎话。
18. Although study limitations included observational design, the authors thought it unlikely that confounding by indication could explain the findings.
    虽然研究的局限性包括观察性设计，作者仍认为用这些迹象的混淆来解释这些发现是不可能的。
19. A meta-regression analysis is observational in nature and may suffer from confounding bias.
    多元回归分析是观察性的，可能存在混淆偏倚的可能。
20. Worse yet, his did this after he had corrupted it by confounding it with another Native culture.
    更糟糕的是，他的行为玷污了另一个印第安文化。
21. Limitations of this study include reliance on recall of diet and URTI, possible misclassification of exposure because of the timing of data collection, and possible residual confounding.
    本研究的局限性包括对饮食和URTI回忆的依赖、由于数据收集的限制所可能造成的对暴露的错误分类，以及可能残留的混杂因素。
22. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the corresponding risk reductions fell slightly to28% and32%.
    在调整潜在混杂因子的影响后，相应的患病风险下降率下降到28%-32%。
23. He accepted that there was potential for a confounding bias in such observational registries.
    他认为在这种观察性研究中存在着混杂偏倚。
24. The findings are subject to selection bias and confounding, which will have been minimised but not eliminated by propensity score matching.
    该发现是受选择偏倚和混杂设计的影响，这些可以通过倾向评分匹配最大限度的降低但不能消除。
25. Limitations of this study include possible unmeasured confounding and lack of data concerning cryptorchidism, which is another potential cause of infertility and testicular cancer.
    这项研究的限制包括可能未评量的干扰因素，以及缺乏有关隐睾症相关的数据，这是另一个造成不孕症与睾丸癌的潜在原因。
26. We estimated the incidence rate of suicide-related events and used logistic regression to compute odds ratios, controlling for confounding factors.
    我们对自杀相关事件的发生率作出了评价，采用逻辑回归法计算出优势率，并对混淆因素进行了核实。
27. Further, the absolute concentrations of these metabolites in EPS appear to be independent of age, increasing the potential utility of these markers due to elimination of age as a confounding variable.
    另外，EPS中这三种代谢物的绝对浓度看起来与年龄无关的。由于不需要年龄作为混杂变量，增加了这些标记物的潜在效用。
28. But there was a change in Gatsby that was simply confounding.
    但是盖茨比身上却发生了一种令人惶惑的变化。
29. Results showed that working jobs and seniority were the major confounding factors to the prevalences calculation.
    结果表明，工种、工龄是计算粗患病率时的主要混杂因素。
30. Researchers cited their attempt to control for the confounding effect of caffeine aversion during pregnancy as a major strength of the study.
    研究人员引用，他们尝试控制在怀孕期间对咖啡因反感的混淆作用，作为研究的主要效果。

adj

1. that confounds or contradicts or confuses

   Synonym:    contradictory