until

conj.

prep.

1. 到…时；直到…为止
   up to the point in time or the event mentioned
   1. Let's wait until the rain stops.
      咱们等雨停了吧。
   2. Until she spoke I hadn't realized she wasn't English.
      直到她开口说话我才知道她不是英格兰人。
   3. You're not going out until you've finished this.
      你不把这事做完就不准出去。
   4. Until now I have always lived alone.
      直到现在，我一直独自生活。
   5. They moved here in 2002. Until then they'd always been in the London area.
      他们2002年搬到这里，之前一直住在伦敦地区。
   6. He continued working up until his death.
      他一直工作到去世。
   7. The street is full of traffic from morning till night .
      街上从早到晚车水马龙。
   8. You can stay on the bus until London (= until you reach London) .
      你可以不用下车，直到公车到达伦敦。

1. PREP 直至；直到；在…之前
   If something happens until a particular time, it happens during the period before that time and stops at that time.
   1. Until 1982 he was senior lecturer in botany at Durham University.
      1982年以前他一直是达勒姆大学生物系的高级讲师。
   2. ...consumers who have waited until after the Christmas holiday to do that holiday shopping.
      等到过完圣诞节才进行节日采购的顾客
   3. Until is also a conjunction.
      
   4. I waited until it got dark...
      我一直等到天黑。
   5. Stir with a metal spoon until the sugar has dissolved.
      用金属调羹搅拌至糖融化。
2. PREP （与否定词连用）直到…之前，直到…为止，除非
   You use until with a negative to emphasize the moment in time after which the rest of your statement becomes true, or the condition which would make it true.
   1. The traffic laws don't take effect until the end of the year...
      交通法要到年底才生效。
   2. It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.
      直到1911年才发现了第一种维生素。
   3. Until is also a conjunction.
      
   4. The EU will not lift its sanctions until that country makes political changes.
      除非该国实施政治改革，否则欧盟将不会解除制裁。
3. up until → see: up

Note that you only use until or till when you are talking about time. You do not use these words to talk about place or position. Instead, you should use as far as or up to. Then you'll be riding with us as far as the village?... We walked up to where his bicycle was.
注意，until和till只能用于谈论时间。谈论地点或位置时应用as far as 或 up to：Then you'll be riding with us as far as the village（那么你会坐我们的车一直坐到那个村庄吗），We walked up to where his bicycle was（我们一直走到他放自行车的地方）。

1. We stood in the doorway until our eyes adjusted
   我们站在门口直到眼睛适应了光线的变化。
2. I backed up carefully until I felt the wall against my back
   我小心翼翼地后退，直到感觉后背碰到了墙壁。
3. Until his finances are in the black I don't want to get married.
   在他有银行存款之前，我不想和他结婚。
4. I'm sure the burglars waited until my insurance claim was through and came back to clean me out again
   我敢肯定，窃贼们一定是等着我领到了保险赔偿金，然后回来再次把我洗劫一空。
5. I waited a long time until a script came along that I thought was genuinely funny
   我等了很长时间，直到出现了一个我认为真正逗趣的剧本。
6. I didn't get back to Brussels until after my demob
   我在复员之后才回到了布鲁塞尔。
7. I should know by now not to throw away the directions until we've finished cooking
   现在我知道了不该在饭没做完之前就扔掉烹饪说明。
8. Work the flour and yeast mixture together until you have a sticky dough.
   将面粉和酵母混在一起和成黏糊糊的面团。
9. I suppose you'll hector me until I phone him.
   我想若是我不给他打电话，你就会一直威吓我。
10. He put his retirement on hold until he had found a solution
    他推迟了退休，直到他找到了解决办法。
11. I had no inkling of his real purpose until much later
    直到后来很久我才对他的真实目的略知一二。
12. I'm just killing time until I can talk to the other witnesses
    在和其他目击者交谈前我只是在打发时间。
13. I have left my best wine until last
    我把最好的酒留到了最后。
14. You haven't lived until you've used their new micro system.
    要是没用过他们新的微系统，这辈子就算白活了。
15. He said he might not be back until tonight.
    他说他有可能要到今晚才回来。
16. He will probably wait until the last minute.
    他也许会等到最后一刻。
17. I had already missed my flight, and the next one wasn't until the following morning
    我已经错过了我的航班，下一班飞机得等到明天早晨。
18. He waited until all the luggage was cleared, but Paula's never appeared
    他一直等到所有的行李都拿走了，但始终没看见葆拉的。
19. Until next payday, I was literally without any money.
    到下个发薪日前，我真的没有一点儿钱了。
20. I know you will never be at peace until you have discovered where your brother is.
    我知道，不查明你兄弟在哪儿你永远都不得安宁。
21. It has taken until now to pin down its exact location
    直到现在才确定了它的准确位置。
22. He was rightly suspicious of meeting me until I reassured him I was not writing about him
    当然他很不放心见我，直到我再一次向他保证我不是在写他。
23. I tell you this, I will not rest until that day has come
    我可以肯定地说，不到那天我不会休息。
24. We have extended the time limit for claims until July 30.
    我们已经把索赔期限延长到了7月30日。
25. There they will stay until 11 o'clock tonight.
    他们今晚将一直在那里呆到11点钟。
26. Until 1982 he was senior lecturer in botany at Durham University.
    1982年以前他一直是达勒姆大学生物系的高级讲师。
27. The traffic laws don't take effect until the end of the year
    交通法要到年底才生效。
28. It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.
    直到1911年才发现了第一种维生素。
29. Why don't you come home with me until you sort things out?
    你何不先和我一起回家，等事情解决了再走？
30. I shall stay here until twelve o'clock.
    我将留在这里一直到十二点钟。